【英语：基础进阶】D2.短句子关键词训练

1.目标

1. 熟悉听力中不同句式的语气语调和重读弱读
2. 在听力中迅速抓取句子中的关键词

1.1.什么是句子关键词?

实词Content Word

• 名词Nouns e.g. kitdhen,Peter
• 动词 (most) principle verbs e.g. visit,construct
• 形容词Adjedives e.g. beautiful, interesting
• 副词Adverbs e.g. often, carefully

虚词Function Word

• 限定词Determiners e.g. the, a, some, a few
• 形容词Auxiliary verbs e.g. don’t, am, can, were
• 介词Prepositions e.g. before, next to, opposite
• 连词Conjundions e.g. but, while, as
• 代词Pronouns e.g. they, she, us

1.2.实词Content Words & 虚词Function Words

• 实词本身有着重要的意义，如: mother, forget, today等,
• 虚词通常在整个句子中意义上并不重要，甚至根本没有意义可言，而只是扮演着文法的角色，以使整句合文法，如: the, of, will等。
• 在句子中，可以发现实词通常需要重读(Stressed)，而虚词则弱读(Unstressed)。

1）实词通常须重读Stressed

• 名词Nouns
• 动词Verbs
• 形容词Adjectives
• 副词Adverbs
• 指示形容词Demonstratives
• 疑问词Interrogatives

2）虚词通常弱读Unstressed

• 冠词Articles
• 介词Prepositions
• 人称代词Personal Pronouns
• 所有格Possessive Adjectives
• 关系代词Relatives
• 连词Conjunctions
• one为避免重复而代替名词来用时 (如the red dress and the blue one，其中one即代替dress，此时one需轻读。)
• be动词和助动词

1.3.短句子关键词训练

1）陈述句

• My mom is from America.
• My dad is German.
• l was born in Germany.
• l was raised in Berlin.
• l have one brother and two sisters.
• l am waiting for my sister.
• Nobody is helping us.
• He helped me yesterday.

2）陈述句否定形式

• That is not a good idea.
• l can't stay too much longer.
• l’m not capable of doing that.
• l don't like her very much.

3）特殊疑问句

• What is that?
• What is this called in English?
• What kind of car do you drive?
• How often do you drive this car?
• Which one do you want?
• Who is calling you?

4）一般疑问句

• Can you open the door, please?
• Do you know what l mean?
• Are you still in a meeting?
• Did you pay attention in class?

5）祈使句

• Wait a minute!
• Let me see.
• Let me take a look.

6）祈使句否定

• Don't run around the pool.
• Don't scream at me.

1.4.短句子听力练习

1）—般现在时

• We can't speak English.
• l don't care.
• What do you mean?
• That is very kind of you.
• Where are you from?
• lt doesn't matter to me.
• How do you feel?
• This is the best day of my life!
• What does your dad do for work?

2）—般过去时

• l changed my mind.
• They all passed the exam.
• What did you say just now?
• He lived in London until he was six.
• l used to go there a lot.
• His grandfather died last year.
• They weren't in Tokyo last summer.
• Did you go hiking when you were young?

2）—般将来时

• Someday people will go to the moon.
• I’ll call you this evening.
• There will be a strong wind soon.
• l think it’ll be very hot in Beijing next year.
• She won't be listening to me.
• They’re going to have a meeting.
• lf l have enough money, I’m going to take a trip abroad.
• Are you going to have dinner at home tomorrow?

1.5.短句子听力练习

1）进行时

• We are mailing these letters.
• l was playing soccer when you came.
• She is washing her hands.
• l am putting on my socks.
• He was pumping up his tire at that time.
• They are closing the windows.
• l am listening to the radio.
• We are having breakfast.

2）完成时

• Someone has broken my car.
• Leave me alone. I’ve had it.
• He has been very busy since last week.
• l have worked for the company since l left school.
• The plans have been under discussion for a year now, but no decision has been reached.
• Have you had any replies yet?
• The snow will have disappeared before the end of February.
• How many words will the students have learned by the end of the term?