提示:本次内容主要学习如何做一个发送验证码和识别验证码的功能
目录
提示:本次内容主要学习如何做一个发送验证码和识别验证码的功能
例如:随着现在互联网的不断发展,Web发展可谓是越来越好,但是在这种情况之下,就会出现很多不守规矩的人,可能会利用爬虫来不断地去破解你的用户,此时验证码的作用就发挥出来了,可以有效地阻止一些不法分子来破解你的网站
图片验证码(Captcha)是一种通过生成图片来验证用户身份的技术,用于区分人类用户和自动化程序。其主要目的是防止机器人的恶意访问和攻击,保护网站的安全。
代码如下(示例):这个代码主要来源于程序员老罗的教程
- package com.easybbs.entity.dto;
-
- import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
- import java.awt.*;
- import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.Random;
-
- public class CreateImageCode {
- // 图片的宽度。
- private int width = 160;
- // 图片的高度。
- private int height = 40;
- // 验证码字符个数
- private int codeCount = 4;
- // 验证码干扰线数
- private int lineCount = 20;
- // 验证码
- private String code = null;
- // 验证码图片Buffer
- private BufferedImage buffImg = null;
- Random random = new Random();
-
- public CreateImageCode() {
- creatImage();
- }
-
- public CreateImageCode(int width, int height) {
- this.width = width;
- this.height = height;
- creatImage();
- }
-
- public CreateImageCode(int width, int height, int codeCount) {
- this.width = width;
- this.height = height;
- this.codeCount = codeCount;
- creatImage();
- }
-
- public CreateImageCode(int width, int height, int codeCount, int lineCount) {
- this.width = width;
- this.height = height;
- this.codeCount = codeCount;
- this.lineCount = lineCount;
- creatImage();
- }
-
- // 生成图片
- private void creatImage() {
- int fontWidth = width / codeCount;// 字体的宽度
- int fontHeight = height - 5;// 字体的高度
- int codeY = height - 8;
-
- // 图像buffer
- buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
- Graphics g = buffImg.getGraphics();
- //Graphics2D g = buffImg.createGraphics();
- // 设置背景色
- g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
- g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
- // 设置字体
- //Font font1 = getFont(fontHeight);
- Font font = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);
- g.setFont(font);
-
- // 设置干扰线
- for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
- int xs = random.nextInt(width);
- int ys = random.nextInt(height);
- int xe = xs + random.nextInt(width);
- int ye = ys + random.nextInt(height);
- g.setColor(getRandColor(1, 255));
- g.drawLine(xs, ys, xe, ye);
- }
-
- // 添加噪点
- float yawpRate = 0.01f;// 噪声率
- int area = (int) (yawpRate * width * height);
- for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
- int x = random.nextInt(width);
- int y = random.nextInt(height);
- buffImg.setRGB(x, y, random.nextInt(255));
- }
-
- String str1 = randomStr(codeCount);// 得到随机字符
- this.code = str1;
- for (int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++) {
- String strRand = str1.substring(i, i + 1);
- g.setColor(getRandColor(1, 255));
- // g.drawString(a,x,y);
- // a为要画出来的东西,x和y表示要画的东西最左侧字符的基线位于此图形上下文坐标系的 (x, y) 位置处
-
- g.drawString(strRand, i * fontWidth + 3, codeY);
- }
- }
-
- // 得到随机字符
- private String randomStr(int n) {
- String str1 = "ABCDEFGHJKMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyz234567890";
- String str2 = "";
- int len = str1.length() - 1;
- double r;
- for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
- r = (Math.random()) * len;
- str2 = str2 + str1.charAt((int) r);
- }
- return str2;
- }
-
- // 得到随机颜色
- private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {// 给定范围获得随机颜色
- if (fc > 255) fc = 255;
- if (bc > 255) bc = 255;
- int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
- int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
- int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
- return new Color(r, g, b);
- }
-
- /**
- * 产生随机字体
- */
- private Font getFont(int size) {
- Random random = new Random();
- Font font[] = new Font[5];
- font[0] = new Font("Ravie", Font.PLAIN, size);
- font[1] = new Font("Antique Olive Compact", Font.PLAIN, size);
- font[2] = new Font("Fixedsys", Font.PLAIN, size);
- font[3] = new Font("Wide Latin", Font.PLAIN, size);
- font[4] = new Font("Gill Sans Ultra Bold", Font.PLAIN, size);
- return font[random.nextInt(5)];
- }
-
- // 扭曲方法
- private void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
- shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
- shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
- }
-
- private void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
-
- int period = random.nextInt(2);
-
- boolean borderGap = true;
- int frames = 1;
- int phase = random.nextInt(2);
-
- for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
- double d = (double) (period >> 1) * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
- g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
- if (borderGap) {
- g.setColor(color);
- g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
- g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
- }
- }
-
- }
-
- private void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
-
- int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
-
- boolean borderGap = true;
- int frames = 20;
- int phase = 7;
- for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
- double d = (double) (period >> 1) * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
- g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
- if (borderGap) {
- g.setColor(color);
- g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
- g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
- }
-
- }
-
- }
-
- public void write(OutputStream sos) throws IOException {
- ImageIO.write(buffImg, "png", sos);
- sos.close();
- }
-
- public BufferedImage getBuffImg() {
- return buffImg;
- }
-
- public String getCode() {
- return code.toLowerCase();
- }
- }
代码如下(示例):
- @RequestMapping("/checkCode")
- public void checkCode(HttpServletResponse response, HttpSession session) throws IOException {
- // 创建一个验证码对象,参数分别指定验证码的宽度、高度、字符数量和干扰线数量。
- CreateImageCode vCode = new CreateImageCode(130, 38, 5, 10);
- // 设置响应头,确保浏览器不缓存验证码图像。
- response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
- response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
- response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
- // 设置响应类型为JPEG图像。
- response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
- // 生成验证码字符串。
- String code = vCode.getCode();
- // 根据类型将验证码存储在不同的session属性中。
- session.setAttribute("checkCodeKey",code);
- // 将生成的验证码图像写入响应输出流。
- vCode.write(response.getOutputStream());
- }
具体识别的时候可以从session里面取到,具体情况具体对待吧
这里主要是记录了一下如何生成图片验证码