SpringCloud:Nacos注册中心和服务消费方式

一、nacos环境搭建

nacos简介

步骤1：安装nacos

步骤2：启动nacos

③在application.yml中添加nacos服务的地址

④启动服务

三、负载均衡实现

第一种：DiscoveryClient

OrderCtroller_DiscoveryClient

Feign是Spring Cloud提供的一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得调用远程服务就像调用本地服务一样简单，只需要创建一个接口并添加一个注解即可。 Nacos很好的兼容了Feign， Feign默认集成了 Ribbon，所以在Nacos下使用Fegin默认就实现了负载均衡的效果。

③创建一个service，并使用Fegin实现微服务调用

ProductService

OrderCtroller_Fegin

四、Feign传参

FeignServerController

ProductService

FeignClintController

一、nacos环境搭建

我们已经可以实现微服务之间的调用。但是我们把服务提供者的网络地址（ip，端口）等硬编码到了代码中，这种做法存在许多问题:

一旦服务提供者地址变化，就需要手工修改代码

一旦是多个服务提供者，无法实现负载均衡功能

一旦服务变得越来越多，人工维护调用关系困难

那么应该怎么解决呢，这时候就需要通过注册中心动态的实现服务治理。

什么是服务治理 服务治理是微服务架构中最核心最基本的模块。用于实现各个微服务的 自动化注册

nacos简介

Nacos 致力于帮助您发现、配置和管理微服务。Nacos 提供了一组简单易用的特性集，帮助您快速实现动态服务发现、服务配置、服务元数据及流量管理。从上面的介绍就可以看出，nacos的作用就是一个注册中心，用来管理注册上来的各个微服务。

步骤1：安装nacos

下载地址: https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases
下载zip格式的安装包，然后进行解压缩操作

下载以及解压后

步骤2：启动nacos

#切换目录
cd nacos/bin
#命令启动
startup.cmd -m standalone

或者直接修改startup.cmd文件:set MODE="standalone

修改前

修改后

启动

步骤3：访问nacos

打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8848/nacos，即可访问服务，账户和默认密码是nacos/nacos

二、nacos的微服务注册

将商品微服务注册到nacos

①导入pom依赖

接下来开始修改shop-product 模块的代码，将其注册到nacos服务上 1 在shop-common模块的pom.xml中添加nacos的依赖
    com.alibaba.cloud
    spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery

注意在父模块中是否导入了alibaba


<dependencyManagement>
  <dependencies>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
          <version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
          <type>pomtype>
          <scope>importscope>
      dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
          <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId>
          <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version>
          <type>pomtype>
          <scope>importscope>
      dependency>
  dependencies>
dependencyManagement>

shop-common的pom.xml


"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spcloud-shopartifactId>
        <groupId>com.cdlgroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
 
    <artifactId>shop-commonartifactId>
 
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
            <artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
            <version>1.2.56version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
            <version>5.1.44version>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
        dependency>
    dependencies>
 
 
project>

父工程的pom


"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
 
    <groupId>com.cdlgroupId>
    <artifactId>spcloud-shopartifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    <modules>
        <module>shop-commonmodule>
        <module>shop-ordermodule>
        <module>shop-productmodule>
        <module>shop-usermodule>
    modules>
    <packaging>pompackaging>
 
    
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASEspring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR9spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.6.RELEASEspring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    properties>
 
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>
 
        dependencies>
 
    dependencyManagement>
 
 
project>

②加注解

在主类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient（用于开启远程连接）注解

③在application.yml中添加nacos服务的地址

spring:
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848

④启动服务

观察nacos的控制面板中是否有注册上来的商品微服务

运行订单

再运行一个商品

三、负载均衡实现

第一种：DiscoveryClient

创建集群

运行8081

将启动类都运行

对应的端口号：

刷新页面

对应的端口号：

OrderCtroller_DiscoveryClient


package com.cdl.shoporder.Controller;
 
import com.cdl.model.Order;
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import com.cdl.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
 
/**
 * @author cdl
 * @site www.cdl.com
 * @create 2022-11-25 15:43
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderCtroller_DiscoveryClient {
 
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
 
 
    @RequestMapping("/get/{uid}/{pid}")
    public Order get(@PathVariable("uid") Integer uid,
                     @PathVariable("pid") Integer pid
                    ){
        //我们可以通过服务名拿到多个节点的信息
        List instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("shop-product");
//      随机产生0或者1的整数
        int index = new Random().nextInt(instances.size());
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = instances.get(index);
        String url = serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" +
                serviceInstance.getPort();
//通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8070/user/get/" + uid, User.class);
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://" + url +
                "/product/get/" + pid, Product.class);
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        order.setUid(user.getUid());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setOid(System.currentTimeMillis());
        order.setNumber(product.getStock());
        return order;
    }
 
}

第二种：Ribbon

Ribbon是Spring Cloud的一个组件，它可以让我们使用一个注解就能轻松的搞定负载均衡

在RestTemplate 的生成方法上添加@LoadBalanced注解

ShopOrderApplication


package com.cdl.shoporder;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopOrderApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    @LoadBalanced //ribbon负载均衡添加
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
 
}

OrderCtroller_Ribbon


package com.cdl.shoporder.Controller;
 
import com.cdl.model.Order;
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import com.cdl.model.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
/**
 * @author cdl
 * @site www.cdl.com
 * @create 2022-11-25 15:43
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderCtroller_Ribbon {
 
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @RequestMapping("/get/{uid}/{pid}")
    public Order get(@PathVariable("uid") Integer uid,
                     @PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){
        //要在订单微服务中调用 用户微服务、商品微服务 跨项目调用
//       当采用http:/shop-user/user/get/访问第三方服务，那么http://localhost:8070/user/get/就用不了了
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://shop-user/user/get/" + uid, User.class);
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject("http://shop-product/product/get/" + pid, Product.class);
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        order.setUid(user.getUid());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setOid(System.currentTimeMillis());
        order.setNumber(product.getStock());
        return order;
    }
 
}

启动项目

页面访问也能访问到

第三种：Feign

什么是Feign

Feign是Spring Cloud提供的一个声明式的伪Http客户端，它使得调用远程服务就像调用本地服务一样简单，只需要创建一个接口并添加一个注解即可。 Nacos很好的兼容了Feign， Feign默认集成了 Ribbon，所以在Nacos下使用Fegin默认就实现了负载均衡的效果。

①加入Fegin的依赖

org.springframework.cloud
spring-cloud-starter-openfeign

shop-common的pom


"1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spcloud-shopartifactId>
        <groupId>com.cdlgroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
 
    <artifactId>shop-commonartifactId>
 
    
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
            <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
            <artifactId>fastjsonartifactId>
            <version>1.2.56version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
            <version>5.1.44version>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discoveryartifactId>
        dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
        dependency>
 
    dependencies>
 
 
project>

②在主类上添加Fegin的注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients//开启Fegin
public class OrderApplication {}

ShopOrderApplication


package com.cdl.shoporder;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@EnableFeignClients//开启Fegin
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ShopOrderApplication {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ShopOrderApplication.class, args);
    }
 
    @LoadBalanced //ribbon负载均衡添加
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
 
}

③创建一个service，并使用Fegin实现微服务调用

ProductService


package com.cdl.shoporder.service;
 
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
/**
 * @author cdl
 * @site www.cdl.com
 * @create 2022-11-28 12:14
 *
 * 帮助消费者 shop-order 调用生产者 shop-product
 */
@FeignClient("shop-product")//声明调用的提供者的name
public interface ProductService {
    //接口定义：完全遵守restful接口规范 controller怎么写 这里就怎么写
//    注意：记得加上载化路径
    @RequestMapping("/product/get/{pid}")
    public Product get(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid);
}

OrderCtroller_Fegin


package com.cdl.shoporder.Controller;
 
import com.cdl.model.Order;
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import com.cdl.model.User;
import com.cdl.shoporder.service.ProductService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
/**
 * @author cdl
 * @site www.cdl.com
 * @create 2022-11-25 15:43
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderCtroller_Fegin {
 
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
 
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @RequestMapping("/get/{uid}/{pid}")
    public Order get(@PathVariable("uid") Integer uid,
                     @PathVariable("pid") Integer pid){
 
        User user = restTemplate.getForObject("http://shop-user/user/get/" + uid, User.class);
        Product product = productService.get(pid);
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        order.setUid(user.getUid());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setOid(System.currentTimeMillis());
        order.setNumber(product.getStock());
        return order;
    }
 
}

启动项目

四、Feign传参

FeignServerController


package com.cdl.shopproduct.Controller;
 
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/feignServer")
public class FeignServerController {
    @RequestMapping("/findByParameter")
    public String findByParameter(String name,Double price){
        log.info("服务提供者日志:{}",name);
        return "hello:"+name;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByParameter2")
    public String findByParameter2(
            @RequestParam("name") String name,
            @RequestParam("price") Double price){
        log.info("服务提供者日志:{},{}",name,price);
        return "hello:"+name+price;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByPathVariable/{name}")
    public String findByPathVariable(@PathVariable("name") String name){
        log.info("服务提供者日志:{}",name);
        return "hello:"+name;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByRequestBody")
    public Product findByRequestBody(@RequestBody Product product){
        log.info("服务提供者日志:{}",product.getPname());
        return product;
    }
}

ProductService


package com.cdl.shoporder.service;
 
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
/**
 * @author cdl
 * @site www.cdl.com
 * @create 2022-11-28 12:14
 *
 * 帮助消费者 shop-order 调用生产者 shop-product
 */
@FeignClient("shop-product")//声明调用的提供者的name
public interface ProductService {
    //接口定义：完全遵守restful接口规范 controller怎么写 这里就怎么写
//    注意：记得加上载化路径
    @RequestMapping("/product/get/{pid}")
    public Product get(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid);
 
 
    @RequestMapping("/feignServer/findByParameter")
    public String findByParameter( @RequestParam("name") String name,@RequestParam("price") Double price);
 
    @RequestMapping("/feignServer/findByParameter2")
    public String findByParameter2(
            @RequestParam("name") String name,
            @RequestParam("price") Double price);
 
    @RequestMapping("/feignServer/findByPathVariable/{name}")
    public String findByPathVariable(@PathVariable("name") String name);
 
    @RequestMapping("/feignServer/findByRequestBody")
    public Product findByRequestBody(@RequestBody Product product);
 
 
 
}

FeignClintController


package com.cdl.shoporder.Controller;
 
import com.cdl.model.Product;
import com.cdl.shoporder.service.ProductService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.checkerframework.checker.units.qual.A;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/feignClint")
public class FeignClintController {
 
    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;
 
 
    @RequestMapping("/findByParameter")
    public String findByParameter(@RequestParam("name")String name,@RequestParam("price") Double price){
        log.info("服务消费者日志:{}",name);
        return productService.findByParameter(name,price);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByParameter2")
    public String findByParameter2(
            @RequestParam("name") String name,
            @RequestParam("price") Double price){
        log.info("服务消费者日志:{},{}",name,price);
        return productService.findByParameter2(name,price);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByPathVariable/{name}")
    public String findByPathVariable(@PathVariable("name") String name){
        log.info("服务消费者日志:{}",name);
        return productService.findByPathVariable(name);
    }
    @RequestMapping("/findByRequestBody")
    public Product findByRequestBody(@RequestBody Product product){
        log.info("服务消费者日志:{}",product.getPname());
        return product;
    }
}

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62735525/article/details/128073882

SpringCloud:Nacos注册中心和服务消费方式

一、nacos环境搭建

nacos简介

步骤1：安装nacos

步骤2：启动nacos

启动

步骤3：访问nacos

二、nacos的微服务注册

①导入pom依赖

shop-common的pom.xml

父工程的pom

②加注解

③在application.yml中添加nacos服务的地址

④启动服务

三、负载均衡实现

第一种：DiscoveryClient

OrderCtroller_DiscoveryClient

第二种：Ribbon

ShopOrderApplication

OrderCtroller_Ribbon

第三种：Feign

①加入Fegin的依赖

shop-common的pom

②在主类上添加Fegin的注解

ShopOrderApplication

③创建一个service， 并使用Fegin实现微服务调用

ProductService

OrderCtroller_Fegin

四、Feign传参

FeignServerController

ProductService

FeignClintController

③创建一个service，并使用Fegin实现微服务调用