cobbler简介&部署

cobbler

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1.cobbler简介

Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。

Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。

Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。

cobbler配置文件详解

cobbler`配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler

cobbler数据目录

cobbler日志文件

cobbler命令详解

cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息

2.cobbler服务端部署

//安装cobbler以及相关的软件
[root@localhost ~]# dnf module enable cobbler:3 -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp* tftp tftp-server cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart rsync rsync-daemon
//启动服务并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now rsyncd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now tftp
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now cobblerd
//修改server的ip地址为本机ip
sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.159.100/' /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
//设置tftp的ip地址为本机ip
sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 192.168.159.100/'  /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml

//生成加密的密码
[root@localhost ~]# openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" 'redhat'
$1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0

//将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
default_password_crypted: "$1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0"

//将cobbler的dhcp功能打开
sed -i "s#manage_dhcp: false#manage_dhcp: true#" /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
manage_dhcp: true

//重启cobbler
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

//通过cobbler check 核对当前设置是否有问题
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1: some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders. If you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, and yaboot.
2: reposync is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
3: yumdownloader is not installed, install yum-utils or dnf-plugins-core
4: debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
5: fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

问题1解决办法：
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install syslinux*
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
menu.c32  pxelinux.0

问题2和问题3解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install yum-utils

问题4和问题5可以忽略，
因为是debian系统才需要解决，显示使用的是centos8
Debian系统解决办法安装fence-agents

//配置DHCP模板文件
subnet 192.168.159.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.159.2;
     option domain-name-servers 192.168.159.2;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        192.168.159.100 192.168.159.110;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server;

//同步cobbler配置
[root@localhost ~]#  systemctl restart httpd cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_150121_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 15:01:21 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

**管理distro**
//挂载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt
AppStream  BaseOS  EFI  images  isolinux  LICENSE  media.repo  TRANS.TBL

//导入镜像
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=hwf-8 arch=x86_64
task started: 2022-09-25_150707_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Sep 25 15:07:07 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/import/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel8
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8:
creating new distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/hwf-8-x86_64
creating new profile: hwf-8-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8 for hwf-8-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS
looking for /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

//查看cobbler镜像列表
[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler list
distros:
   hwf-8-x86_64

profiles:
   hwf-8-x86_64

systems:

repos:

images:

mgmtclasses:

packages:

files:


//查看详细信息  查看指定的--name 接镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler distro report --name hwf-8-x86_64
Name                           : hwf-8-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
Automatic Installation Template Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/hwf-8-x86_64'}
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Boot loader                    : grub
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        :
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel8
Owners                         : ['admin']
Redhat Management Key          :
Remote Boot Initrd             : ~
Remote Boot Kernel             : ~
Template Files                 : {}

//创建kickstarts自动安装脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile get-autoinstall --name hwf-8-x86_64 > /var/lib/cobbler/templates/hwf8.ks
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/templates/
[root@localhost templates]# cat hwf8.ks
# Sample kickstart file for current EL, Fedora based distributions.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled      --关闭防火墙
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=http://192.168.159.100/cblr/links/hwf-8-x86_64
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
repo --name=source-1 --baseurl=http://192.168.159.100/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/AppStream
repo --name=source-2 --baseurl=http://192.168.159.100/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/BaseOS

# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on

# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$5417$gO5A7qe4S6K724V33w9MC0
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  America/New_York
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
autopart

%pre
set -x -v
exec 1>/tmp/ks-pre.log 2>&1

# Once root's homedir is there, copy over the log.
while : ; do
    sleep 10
    if [ -d /mnt/sysimage/root ]; then
        cp /tmp/ks-pre.log /mnt/sysimage/root/
        logger "Copied %pre section log to system"
        break
    fi
done &



# Enable installation monitoring

%end

%packages
@^minimal-environment   	--设置最小化安装
%end

%post --nochroot
set -x -v
exec 1>/mnt/sysimage/root/ks-post-nochroot.log 2>&1

%end

%post
set -x -v
exec 1>/root/ks-post.log 2>&1

# Start yum configuration
curl "http://192.168.159.100/cblr/svc/op/yum/profile/hwf-8-x86_64" --output /etc/yum.repos.d/cobbler-config.repo

# End yum configuration



# Start post_install_network_config generated code
# End post_install_network_config generated code

# Start download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)
# End download cobbler managed config files (if applicable)

# Start koan environment setup
echo "export COBBLER_SERVER=192.168.159.100" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.sh
echo "setenv COBBLER_SERVER 192.168.159.100" > /etc/profile.d/cobbler.csh
# End koan environment setup

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
# Begin cobbler registration
# cobbler registration is disabled in /etc/cobbler/settings.yaml
# End cobbler registration

# Enable post-install boot notification

# Start final steps

curl "http://192.168.159.100/cblr/svc/op/autoinstall/profile/hwf-8-x86_64" -o /root/cobbler.ks
# End final steps
%end

//此时使用虚拟机去安装系统并不会成功  需要做如下操作
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/share/cobbler/bin
[root@localhost bin]# ls
migrate-data-v2-to-v3.py  mkgrub.sh
migrate-settings.sh       settings-migration-v1-to-v2.sh
[root@localhost bin]# bash mkgrub.sh
+ grub2-mkimage -O arm64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubaa64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/arm64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O i386-pc-pxe -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.0 --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain pxe biosdisk
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O powerpc-ieee1275 -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grub.ppc64le --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr net ofnet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/powerpc-ieee1275/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
+ grub2-mkimage -O x86_64-efi -o /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub/grubx64.efi --prefix= all_video boot cat configfile echo true font gfxmenu gfxterm gzio halt iso9660 jpeg minicmd normal part_apple part_msdos part_gpt password_pbkdf2 png reboot search search_fs_uuid search_fs_file search_label sleep test video fat loadenv linux btrfs ext2 xfs jfs reiserfs tftp http luks gcry_rijndael gcry_sha1 gcry_sha256 mdraid09 mdraid1x lvm serial regexp tr chain efinet
grub2-mkimage: error: cannot open `/usr/lib/grub/x86_64-efi/moddep.lst': No such file or directory.
+ set +x
[root@localhost bin]# ls /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
grub  ldlinux.c32  menu.c32  pxelinux.0
[root@localhost bin]# cobbler sync
task started: 2022-09-25_153440_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Sun Sep 25 15:34:40 2022)
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/task/sync/pre/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.0
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.ppc64le
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubaa64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grubx64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/system_link
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_efi.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_legacy.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/local_powerpc-ieee1275.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/x86_64_menu_items.cfg
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64
copying bootloaders
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=.cobbler_postun_cleanup', '/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: ['rsync', '-rpt', '--copy-links', '--exclude=README.grubconfig', '/var/lib/cobbler/grub_config/', '/var/lib/tftpboot']
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/hwf-8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/distro_mirror/hwf-8/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/hwf-8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for hwf-8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
processing boot_files for distro: hwf-8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
shell triggers finished successfully
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running python trigger cobbler.modules.managers.genders
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
shell triggers finished successfully
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

[root@localhost bin]# systemctl restart httpd cobblerd rsyncd dhcpd

手动安装

//创建一个虚拟机，然后打开虚拟机

使用cobbler-web自动安装centos8系统