FastAPI 学习之路（三十三）操作数据库

通过创建pydantic模型进行验证提交数据

我们去通过传入数据库连接以及参数等进行数据库操作，包括创建用户、查询用户等，返回的是orm模型对象。

接下来，我们就是在实际的接口中调用

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, ForeignKey
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Boolean
 
mysql_url = "mysql+pymysql://{username}:{password}@{host}:{port}/{database}?charset=utf8".format(
    username="root", password="xxxxx;;", host="xxxxx", port=3306, database="sqlalchemy_db")
# SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL = "sqlite:///.test.db"
engine = create_engine(
    mysql_url,
    # SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URL,
    # connect_args 参数只有sqlite才有
    # connect_args = {
    #     "check_same_thread": False
    # }
)
 
# 该类的每个实例都是一个数据库会话，该类本身还不是数据库会话，但是一旦我们创建了SessionLocal的实例，这个实例将是实际的数据库会话
SessionLocal = sessionmaker(autocommit=False, autoflush=False, bind=engine)
 
# 创建数据库基类
Base = declarative_base()
 
 
# 创建两个数据库模型，继承自Base基类
class User(Base):
    __tablename__ = "users"
 
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
    email = Column(String(20), unique=True, index=True)
    hashed_password = Column(String(20))
    is_active = Column(Boolean, default=True)
    items = relationship("Item", back_populates="owner")
 
class Item(Base):
    __tablename__ = "items"
 
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, index=True)
    title = Column(String(10), index=True)
    description = Column(String(10), index=True)
    owner_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey("users.id"))
    owner = relationship("User", back_populates="items")
 
 
# 那么我们如何将该模型对应到数据库表呢? 很简单
# Base.metadata.create_all(bind=engine)
 
#___________________________________________
 
from pydantic import BaseModel
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
 
class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str
 
 
class UserCreate(UserBase):
    """请求验证模型"""
    password: str
 
 
class Users(UserBase):
    """响应模型"""
    id: int
    is_active: bool
 
    class Config:
        orm_mode = True
 
 
def get_user(db: Session, user_id: int):
    """通过id查询用户"""
    return db.query(User).filter(User.id == user_id).first()
 
def db_create_user(db: Session, user: UserCreate):
    """创建用户"""
    fake_hashed_password = user.password + "falsehash"
    print(">>>>>", user, fake_hashed_password)
    db_user = User(email=user.email, hashed_password=fake_hashed_password)
    db.add(db_user)
    db.commit()  # 提交保存到数据库中
    db.refresh(db_user)
    return db_user
 
 
# 创建一个依赖
def get_db():
    """每一个请求处理完毕后会关闭当前连接，不同的请求使用不同的连接"""
    db = SessionLocal()
    try:
        yield db
    finally:
        db.close()
 
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
 
app = FastAPI()
 
 
@app.post("/users", response_model=Users)
def create_user(user: UserCreate, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
    """创建用户接口"""
    return db_create_user(db=db, user=user)
 
@app.get("/users/{user_id}", response_model=Users)
def read_user(user_id: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db)):
    db_user = get_user(db=db, user_id=user_id)
    if not db_user:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="user not exists")
    return db_user
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run("main:app", debug=True)

我们去用postman去请求下创建下用户

查询下账户

 我们去查询不存在的id