词汇讲解：
archaeologist 考古学家(英式)
archeologist 考古学家(美式)
archaic 古代的
archaic words 古代的文字
archaic civilizations 古代的文明
“(o)logy” = to study -ist “人”
archaeology 考古学 / archaeologist 考古学家
biology 生物学 / biologist 生物学家
geology 地质学 / geologist 地质学家
psychology 心理学 / psychologist 心理学家
physiology 生理学 / physiologist 生理学家
anthropology 人类学 / anthropologist 人类学家
prosperous adj. (经济上)繁荣的
a prosperous country 一个繁荣的国家
prosperity n. (不可数名词) 兴旺; 繁荣;
economic prosperity 经济繁荣
We’ll keep the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong at any cost. 我们将不惜一切代价维持香港的繁荣和稳定。
A company can’t prosper without investment. 一个公司没有投资很难兴旺。
可以用 thrive/flourish 来替换
storey -> storeys (英式) 楼层
story -> stories (美式) 楼层
a two-story house 两层楼的房子。
The house is two stories high. 这个房子有两层楼那么高。
a multi-story parking lot. 一个多层的停车场
| 分类 | 英式 | 美式 |
|---|---|---|
| 阁楼 | attic | attic |
| 顶层 | the top floor | the top floor |
| 二层 | the first floor | the second floor |
| 一层 | the ground floor | the first floor |
| 地下室 | basement | basement |
scared adj. 宗教的； 神圣的；
a scared holiday 一个宗教节日
holy adj. 神圣的
holy water 圣水
a holy war 圣战
blessed 神圣的
the Blessed Virgin Mary 圣母玛丽
divine 神的
To err is human, to forgive divine. 犯错的是人，能原谅的是神。
remains
the remains of a meal 剩饭
the remains of ancient Rome 古罗马遗址
the rest of sth. 其余的、剩余的
the remainder of sth. 其余的、剩余的
what is left of sth.
what remains of sth.
Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
只有这两只狗在混乱中得到了好处，他们贪婪的吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。
classical adj. 古代（希腊和罗马）文化的
classical studies 对古代文化的研究
classical music 古典乐
classic 经典的
a classic novel 一部经典小说
electric 电动的 用电做动力的
an electric light 一盏电灯
electrical 电的 跟电相关的
electrical failure 停电
historic 有历史意义的
a historic moment 有历史意义的时刻
historical 历史的
historical record 历史记录
economic 经济的
economic policy 经济政策
economical 节省的
an economical car
politic 策略的 明智的
a politic decision 明智的决定
political 政治的
political asylum 政治避难
rest v. 放置
Her elbows rested on the table. 他的胳膊搭在桌子上
rest on/upon 基于/建立在…基础上
Columbus’ decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.
哥伦布向相航行的决定是基于他相信地球是圆的。
depend on/upon 依赖
rely on/upon 依赖
Don’t always depend on others, You should learn to rely on yourself.
Some time ago, an interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses – often three storeys high – were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets.
make a discovery (of …) 做出一个发现
make an interesting discovery (of …) 做一个有趣的发现
use 使用
make use of … 变成名词用法
make the best use of …最好的利用了…
He made the best use of his talent. 他充份发挥了自己的才能。
describe
make a vivid description of …
investigate
make a thorough investigation of …
summarize
make a comprehensive summary of …
analyze
make a detailed analysis of …
the city of Beijing 北京市
the promontory of Ayia Irini 一个叫Ayia Irini的海角
the tiny village of Perachora 一个叫Perachora的小村子
the famous monastery of St. Bernard 著名的圣伯纳德修道院
书籍、报刊、杂志 不能这样用，需要用entitled
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms 一部叫三国的小说
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code 达芬奇密码这部电影
人名用named/called
the man named Vincent 一个叫Vincent的男人
位于：
located
situated
sited
The Monument to the People’s Heroes stands in the center of Tian’anmen Square.
人民英雄纪念碑矗立在天安门广场中央。
The house sits on top of a hill overlooking the town.
这个房座落在山顶上俯瞰整个城镇。
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the 11th century, lies about a mile away.
著名的圣伯纳德修道院,是在11世纪建成的，位于1英里之处。(这里形容的是一个大建筑群，所以可以用lie形容躺在某处)
at one time = once 曾经
The city at one time must have seen/known prosperity. 这个城市曾经一定经历过繁荣。
enjoy 有好的东西（享有)
enjoy good health 享有良好的健康
enjoy a high standard of living 享有高水平的生活
The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad. 这些服装特别棒、有品味，在国内外长期享有圣谕。
be blessed with … 有好的东西
They were blessed with two children, a boy, and a girl. 他们享有两个孩子一个男孩一个女孩。
be endowed with … （天生俱备）有好的东西
She is endowed with both brains and beauty. 这个女孩才貌双全。
boast 人做主语时表示：吹牛， 如果是事物做主语：有好的东西
There is a lot of beautiful scenery in China.
China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.
中国有很多美丽风光（这两句表达同样的意思）
My hometown boasts a beautiful lake. 我的家乡有一个美丽的湖泊。
a girl with blue eyes 一个蓝眼睛的女孩
a mug with a broken handle 一个柄坏的马克杯。
a vastly improved method 一个极大改进的方法
a much-acclaimed novel 一个倍受赞誉的小说
equip A with B； 用B来装备A
be equipped with …
The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.
这些教室装备着现代的多媒体教学设备。
a great many (of) … （加可数名词） 很多
a great number of … （加可数名词） 很多
a great amount/deal of … （加不可数名词） 很多
a lot of （加可数或不可数名词都可以） 很多
beneath/underneath 在…下方
underneath侧重于将某物隐藏或遮盖起来之意。
beneath侧重于指在某物的正下方，而且较富有文容学性。
The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century B.C. until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted.
be used as … 当做…来用
The wooden box is used as a seat. 木箱子当做座位来用。
act/serve/function as … （必须用主动）当做…来用
The wooden box acts/serves/functions as a seat 与上面同意
B.C. (BC): Before Christ 公园前
A.D. (AD): Anno Domini 公园后
in modern times 在当代
in recent times 在近代
in ancient times 在古代
in prehistoric times 在史前时代
in times of … 在…时代
in times of peace 在和平年代
in times of war 在战争年代
the Ice Age 冰川时代
the Stone Age 石器时代
the steam-engine era/epoch 蒸汽机时代
the end of an era/epoch 时代结束
His death marked the end of an era. 他的死亡标志着一个时代的结束。
the beginning of a new era/epoch 一个新时代的开始
The foundation of the People’s Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.
中华人民共和国的成立标志着一个新时代的开始。
represent 代表
stand for 代表
Honey, this gold ring (stands for)/represents my love for you.
亲爱的这枚金戒子代表我对你的爱。
on behalf of … 代表
Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese government during the meeting.
李克强代表中国政府在会议中发言。（on behalf of可以用representing或stading for来替换)
The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century B.C. It’s missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century B.C. This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman.
date from … 追溯到…
date back to … 追溯到…
can be traced back to … 追溯到…
The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from/(dates back to)/(can be traced back to) the distant Han Dynasty. //丝绸之路的繁荣可以追溯到遥远的汉朝
happen to do 碰巧…
sth. happen to sb. 表示发生
A car accident happened to him. 他发生了一起车祸。
We happened to take the same train.
it happened that … 碰巧
It happened that we took the same train.
do sth. by chance. do sth. by accident. 都表示碰巧…
gather our wits 平静一下
W: That’s Murphy’s law, isn’t it? What was it said ‘if anything can go wrong? it will.’ Well, we still get twenty minutes to gather our wits together.
preserve 保存至良好状态
preserve one’s eyesight/food.
conserve 保护数量不降
conserve wildlife/resources
reserve 保存起来以备将来所用
Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow. 养精蓄锐为了明天爬山。
All Rights Reserved. 所有权保护
I reserve the right to disagree. 我保留反对的权利
reserve a table for 2 预定2人桌
surprise 使惊讶
astonish 使惊讶(难以置信的事情)
He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.
amaze 使惊讶(因为某些迷惑不解的事情)
astound 使惊讶（惊呆了)
The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
当Ramsay夫人告诉他做的事情后，警察惊呆了（Ramsay夫人花了一千英镑赎回一只猫）
turn out to be 使惊讶(原来是…/恍然大悟)
Eric’s girlfriend turned out to be his half-sister. Eric的女友原来是他的同父异母的妹妹。
modern-looking 看上去很摩登的
interesting-looking 看上去很有趣的
an interesting-looking carved dagger. 一个看上去很有趣的雕花匕首
hard-working 工作很努力的
easy-going 随和的，容易相处的
She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity.
The tower stands 15 meters (high). 这个塔有15米高（书面语）
The tower is 15 meters high. 这个塔有15米高（口语)
The boy weighs 50 kilos. 这男孩有50公斤重。（书面语）
The boy is 50 kilos in weight. 这男孩有50公斤重。(口语)
measure 测量;度量;(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为;估量
The carpet measures 5 meters long. 这个地毯有5米长。（书面语）
The carpet measures 3 meters across. 这个地毯有3米宽。（书面语）
despite 尽管 等于 in spite of
当做为连词使用可以用 in spite of the fact that … 只能用在书面语中
下面都可以表过尽管的意思
notwithstanding
though
although
even though
while
但是even if 表达的是即使，不是事实。比如：即使是你干的我也不追究了。