Activity的启动过程详细分析

前言

        我们在平时开发中都知道通过这样的代码就可以启动一个Activity，如下

Context.startActivity(intent)

        但是，你有没有思考这个方法的大致实现呢？下面，我们一起来看看。

startActivity的调用流程

        1、一般我们都是通过调用 Activity.startActivity(intent) 来启动一个 Activity 的，紧接着它会调用其内部的startActivityForResult(intent, -1, null )方法，注意这里的requestCode==-1，因为我们不需要返回result；

        2、接下来调用到了Instrumentation.execStartActivity()方法，它最终调用了如下代码：

         这个 Instrumentation 是什么呢？可以说它是应用进程的管家，监控着应用进程与系统的所有交互，所有的创建、暂停、停止activity，都是通过它去发起的，它可以统计所有的开销。

那么再来看看execStartActivity()方法的内部实现：

 public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
            Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
            Intent intent, int requestCode, Bundle options) {
        IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
        Uri referrer = target != null ? target.onProvideReferrer() : null;
        if (referrer != null) {
            intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REFERRER, referrer);
        }
        ...
 
        try {
            intent.migrateExtraStreamToClipData();
            intent.prepareToLeaveProcess(who);
            //核心代码
            int result = ActivityTaskManager.getService()
                .startActivity(whoThread, who.getBasePackageName(), intent,
                        intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
                        token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
                        requestCode, 0, null, options);
            checkStartActivityResult(result, intent);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
        }
        return null;
    }

这里看到Activity的启动又交给了ActivityTaskManager.getService()，这是啥？跟进去看看：

    //ActivityTaskManager
public static IActivityTaskManager getService() {
        return IActivityTaskManagerSingleton.get();
}
    
private static final Singleton IActivityTaskManagerSingleton =
            new Singleton() {
                @Override
                protected IActivityTaskManager create() {
                    final IBinder b = ServiceManager.getService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE);
                    return IActivityTaskManager.Stub.asInterface(b);
                }
};

看到IBinder这个标志，这里你应该明白了：这里是获取一个跨进程的服务。获取的什么服务呢？是ActivityTaskManagerService（ATMS），它继承于IActivityTaskManager.Stub，是个Binder对象，并且是通过单例提供服务的。 ATMS是用于管理Activity及其容器（任务、堆栈、显示等）的系统服务，运行在系统服务进程（system_server）之中。

值得说明的是，ATMS是在Android10中新增的，分担了之前ActivityManagerService（AMS）的一部分功能（activity task相关）。
在Android10 之前 ，这个地方获取的是服务是AMS。查看Android10的AMS，你会发现startActivity方法内也是调用了ATMS的startActivity方法。所以在理解上，ATMS就隶属于AMS。

接着看，ActivityTaskManager.getService().startActivity有个返回值result，且调用了checkStartActivityResult(result, intent)：

public static void checkStartActivityResult(int res, Object intent) {
        if (!ActivityManager.isStartResultFatalError(res)) {
            return;
        }
 
        switch (res) {
            case ActivityManager.START_INTENT_NOT_RESOLVED:
            case ActivityManager.START_CLASS_NOT_FOUND:
                if (intent instanceof Intent && ((Intent)intent).getComponent() != null)
                    throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
                            "Unable to find explicit activity class "
                            + ((Intent)intent).getComponent().toShortString()
                            + "; have you declared this activity in your AndroidManifest.xml?");
                throw new ActivityNotFoundException(
                        "No Activity found to handle " + intent);
            case ActivityManager.START_PERMISSION_DENIED:
                throw new SecurityException("Not allowed to start activity "
                        + intent);
            ...
            
            case ActivityManager.START_CANCELED:
                throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Activity could not be started for "
                        + intent);
            default:
                throw new AndroidRuntimeException("Unknown error code "
                        + res + " when starting " + intent);
        }
    }

Activity的管理——AMS

好了，到这里，Activity的启动就跨进程（IPC）的转移到系统进程提供的服务ATMS中了，接着看ATMS的startActivity

@Override
    public int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType, IBinder resultTo,
            String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo,
            Bundle bOptions, int userId) {
        return startActivityAsUser(caller, callingPackage, callingFeatureId, intent, resolvedType,
                resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, startFlags, profilerInfo, bOptions, userId,
                true /*validateIncomingUser*/);
    }
 
    private int startActivityAsUser(IApplicationThread caller, String callingPackage,
            @Nullable String callingFeatureId, Intent intent, String resolvedType,
            IBinder resultTo, String resultWho, int requestCode, int startFlags,
            ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle bOptions, int userId, boolean validateIncomingUser) {
        assertPackageMatchesCallingUid(callingPackage);
        enforceNotIsolatedCaller("startActivityAsUser");
 
        userId = getActivityStartController().checkTargetUser(userId, validateIncomingUser,
                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), "startActivityAsUser");
 
        // TODO: Switch to user app stacks here.
        return getActivityStartController().obtainStarter(intent, "startActivityAsUser")
                .setCaller(caller)
                .setCallingPackage(callingPackage)
                .setCallingFeatureId(callingFeatureId)
                .setResolvedType(resolvedType)
                .setResultTo(resultTo)
                .setResultWho(resultWho)
                .setRequestCode(requestCode)
                .setStartFlags(startFlags)
                .setProfilerInfo(profilerInfo)
                .setActivityOptions(bOptions)
                .setUserId(userId)
                .execute();
 
    }

跟到startActivityAsUser中，通过getActivityStartController().obtainStarter方法获取ActivityStarter实例 然后调用一系列方法，最后的execute()方法是开始启动activity：

res = executeRequest(mRequest); //核心代码

里面有调用了startActivityUnchecked方法，之后调用startActivityInner方法，然后调用RootActivityContainer的resumeFocusedStacksTopActivities方法。RootActivityContainer是Android10新增的类，分担了之前ActivityStackSupervisor的部分功能。接着跳转到ActivityStack的resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked方法：

mLastStartActivityResult = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession,
                request.voiceInteractor, startFlags, true /* doResume */, checkedOptions, inTask,
                restrictedBgActivity, intentGrants);

//ActivityStack
@GuardedBy("mService")
    boolean resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
        if (mInResumeTopActivity) {
            // Don't even start recursing.
            return false;
        }
 
        boolean result = false;
        try {
            // Protect against recursion.
            mInResumeTopActivity = true;
            result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);
 
            // When resuming the top activity, it may be necessary to pause the top activity (for
            // example, returning to the lock screen. We suppress the normal pause logic in
            // {@link #resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked}, since the top activity is resumed at the
            // end. We call the {@link ActivityStackSupervisor#checkReadyForSleepLocked} again here
            // to ensure any necessary pause logic occurs. In the case where the Activity will be
            // shown regardless of the lock screen, the call to
            // {@link ActivityStackSupervisor#checkReadyForSleepLocked} is skipped.
            final ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivity(true /* focusableOnly */);
            if (next == null || !next.canTurnScreenOn()) {
                checkReadyForSleep();
            }
        } finally {
            mInResumeTopActivity = false;
        }
 
        return result;
    }

跟进resumeTopActivityInnerLocked方法：

 private boolean resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(ActivityRecord prev, ActivityOptions options) {
        ...
        boolean pausing = getDisplay().pauseBackStacks(userLeaving, next, false);
        if (mResumedActivity != null) {
            if (DEBUG_STATES) Slog.d(TAG_STATES,
                    "resumeTopActivityLocked: Pausing " + mResumedActivity);
             // 暂停上一个Activity
            pausing |= startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false, next, false);
        }
        ...
        //这里next.attachedToProcess()，只有启动了的Activity才会返回true
        if (next.attachedToProcess()) {
            ...
            
            try {
                final ClientTransaction transaction =
                        ClientTransaction.obtain(next.app.getThread(), next.appToken);
                ...
                //启动了的Activity就发送ResumeActivityItem事务给客户端了，后面会讲到
                transaction.setLifecycleStateRequest(
                        ResumeActivityItem.obtain(next.app.getReportedProcState(),
                                getDisplay().mDisplayContent.isNextTransitionForward()));
                mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(transaction);
               ....
            } catch (Exception e) {
                ....
                mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, false);
                return true;
            }
            ....
        } else {
            ....
            if (SHOW_APP_STARTING_PREVIEW) {
                    //这里就是 冷启动时 出现白屏 的原因了：取根activity的主题背景 展示StartingWindow
                    next.showStartingWindow(null , false ,false);
                }
            // 继续当前Activity，普通activity的正常启动 关注这里即可
            mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true);
        }
        return true;
    }

先对上一个Activity执行pause操作，再执行当前创建操作，代码最终进入到了ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked方法中。这里有个点注意下，启动activity前调用了next.showStartingWindow方法来展示一个window，这就是冷启动时 出现白屏 的原因了。我们继续看ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked方法：