BIT数据类型用于存储位值。其数据有两种取值:0和1,这种数据类型常作为逻辑变量使用,用来表示真、假或是、否等二值选择。更像最原始的计算机语言编程。
在MySQL里BIT 归纳为Numeric Data类型。BIT数据类型存储位值,支持MyISAM、MEMORY、InnoDB、NDB表。
在数据类型中,bit应该占据空间最小。

BIT(M)类型允许存储M位值。M取值范围为1 ~ 64。NDB集群中所有BIT列的最大总和不能超过4096位
如果将一个值赋给长度小于M位的BIT(M)列,则该值将在左侧填充0。
例如: 给BIT(6)列赋值b’101’实际上等同于给b’000101’赋值。
那BIT场景什么环境下比较适合,实际场景中 ,一个典型的案例,出勤率。“1”表示出席,“0”表示缺席,这样就更容易识别每个人出席或缺席的日子。
- MySQL> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS attendance;
- MySQL> CREATE TABLE attendance (
- emp_no CHAR(3),
- emp_name CHAR(50),
- attend BIT(5),
- class INT,
- KEY `idx_bit` (`attend`)
- );
-
- #使用b'val'的编写方式, Val是使用0和1编写的二进制值
- MySQL> INSERT INTO attendance (emp_no, emp_name, attend, class)
- VALUES ('001','Jim',b'11111',5),('002','Kim',b'11000',5),('003','Cui',b'00111',5),
- ('004','King',b'11101',5),('005','Wang',b'101',5),('006','Chen',NULL,5),
- ('007','Piao',0,5),('008','Hu',1,5);
-
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,attend ,class FROM attendance;
- +--------+----------+----------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | attend | class |
- +--------+----------+----------------+-------+
- | 001 | Jim | 0x1F | 5 |
- | 002 | Kim | 0x18 | 5 |
- | 003 | Cui | 0x07 | 5 |
- | 004 | King | 0x1D | 5 |
- | 005 | Wang | 0x05 | 5 |
- | 006 | Chen | NULL | 5 |
- | 007 | Piao | 0x00 | 5 |
- | 008 | Hu | 0x01 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+----------------+-------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
- #BIN方式显示
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend) ,class FROM attendance;
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | class |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------+
- | 001 | Jim | 11111 | 5 |
- | 002 | Kim | 11000 | 5 |
- | 003 | Cui | 111 | 5 |
- | 004 | King | 11101 | 5 |
- | 005 | Wang | 101 | 5 |
- | 006 | Chen | NULL | 5 |
- | 007 | Piao | 0 | 5 |
- | 008 | Hu | 1 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
-
- #字符串左填充函数LPAD
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,LPAD(BIN(attend),5,0) ,class FROM attendance;
- +--------+----------+-----------------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | LPAD(BIN(attend),5,0) | class |
- +--------+----------+-----------------------+-------+
- | 001 | Jim | 11111 | 5 |
- | 002 | Kim | 11000 | 5 |
- | 003 | Cui | 00111 | 5 |
- | 004 | King | 11101 | 5 |
- | 005 | Wang | 00101 | 5 |
- | 006 | Chen | NULL | 5 |
- | 007 | Piao | 00000 | 5 |
- | 008 | Hu | 00001 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-----------------------+-------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
备注:
可以使用位值函数,并且可以通过十进制、二进制或任何其他数据转换函数检索位值。使用LPAD和BIN函数以适当的格式检索数据。
对应WHERE条件 bit字段必须是b’val’ 或则 int类型
- ##1.采用INT类型数字进行查询
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance where attend=7;
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | HEX(attend) | attend | class |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | 003 | Cui | 111 | 7 | 0x07 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
-
- ##2.采用位置进行查询
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance where attend=b'111';
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | HEX(attend) | attend | class |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | 003 | Cui | 111 | 7 | 0x07 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
-
- ##3.string类型进行查询
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance where attend='7';
- Empty set (0.00 sec)
-
- ##4.in 语句部分失效(字符串)
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance WHERE attend in('7',5);
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | HEX(attend) | attend | class |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | 003 | Cui | 111 | 7 | 0x07 | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
-
- ##5. NULL字段查询
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance WHERE attend IS NULL;
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | HEX(attend) | attend | class |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- | 006 | Chen | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+
- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备注:bit字段只能是整数类型 或 bit类型的才能匹配。在数字范围内 b’val’ 或则 整数类型对应等价。
比如,上诉例子7和b’111’是属于等价。对于NULL值,bit类型依然是等于null值
下面对bit字段存在索引下,作为条件下,是否能正使用索引。
如等价查询,范围查询,类型(int,bin,string)
- #数字类型
- MySQL> EXPLAIN SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance where attend=7;
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | attendance | NULL | ref | idx_bit | idx_bit | 2 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-
- ##2.采用位置进行查询
- MySQL> EXPLAIN SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class FROM attendance where attend=b'111';
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | attendance | NULL | ref | idx_bit | idx_bit | 2 | const | 1 | 100.00 | NULL |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+------+---------------+---------+---------+-------+------+----------+-------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-
-
- ##3.范围
- MySQL> EXPLAIN SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance WHERE attend>17;
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | attendance | NULL | range | idx_bit | idx_bit | 2 | NULL | 3 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-
- MySQL> EXPLAIN SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance WHERE attend>b'111';
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | attendance | NULL | range | idx_bit | idx_bit | 2 | NULL | 3 | 100.00 | Using index condition |
- +----+-------------+------------+------------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+----------+-----------------------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
-
-
- ##5.采用string类型字段
- MySQL> EXPLAIN SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class
- FROM attendance WHERE attend='7';
- +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------+
- | id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | filtered | Extra |
- +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------+
- | 1 | SIMPLE | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | no matching row in const table |
- +----+-------------+-------+------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+----------+--------------------------------+
- 1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
备注:索引只接受int , b’val’ 类型
MySQL 8.0中,位函数和操作符允许二进制字符串类型的参数(binary, VARBINARY和BLOB类型)。这使得能够产生大于64位的返回值,更容易执行位操作。位函数和运算符包括BIT_COUNT()、BIT_AND()、BIT_OR()、BIT_XOR()、&、|、^、~、<<和>>。

注意:MySQL 8.0中对二进制字符串参数的位操作可能会产生与5.7不同的结果。所以MySQL 5.7和8.0之间可能存在不兼容的信息。
- #BIT_COUNT()
- MySQL> SELECT emp_no,emp_name,BIN(attend),HEX(attend),attend ,class,bit_count(attend) FROM attendance;
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+-------------------+
- | emp_no | emp_name | BIN(attend) | HEX(attend) | attend | class | bit_count(attend) |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+-------------------+
- | 001 | Jim | 11111 | 1F | 0x1F | 5 | 5 |
- | 002 | Kim | 11000 | 18 | 0x18 | 5 | 2 |
- | 003 | Cui | 111 | 7 | 0x07 | 5 | 3 |
- | 004 | King | 11101 | 1D | 0x1D | 5 | 4 |
- | 005 | Wang | 101 | 5 | 0x05 | 5 | 2 |
- | 006 | Chen | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | NULL |
- | 007 | Piao | 0 | 0 | 0x00 | 5 | 0 |
- | 008 | Hu | 1 | 1 | 0x01 | 5 | 1 |
- +--------+----------+-------------+-------------+----------------+-------+-------------------+
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
- #UUID 和 IPV6的一些转换,因为包含一些“-”,“::”的符号
- MySQL> SELECT HEX(UUID_TO_BIN('6ccd780c-baba-1026-9564-5b8c656024db'));
- +----------------------------------------------------------+
- | HEX(UUID_TO_BIN('6ccd780c-baba-1026-9564-5b8c656024db')) |
- +----------------------------------------------------------+
- | 6CCD780CBABA102695645B8C656024DB |
- +----------------------------------------------------------+
-
- #IPV6
- MySQL> SELECT HEX(INET6_ATON('fe80::219:d1ff:fe91:1a72'));
- +---------------------------------------------+
- | HEX(INET6_ATON('fe80::219:d1ff:fe91:1a72')) |
- +---------------------------------------------+
- | FE800000000000000219D1FFFE911A72 |
- +---------------------------------------------+
在MySQL中按照目前对于bit的理解