机器学习预测汽车油耗效率 MPG

流程

1. 数据获取
2. 导入需要的包
3. 引入文件,查看内容
4. 划分训练集和测试集
5. 调用模型
6. 查看准确率

数据获取

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1KeIJykbcVpsfEk0xjhiICA?pwd=30oe 
提取码：30oe 
--来自百度网盘超级会员V1的分享
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导入需要的包

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
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引入文件,查看内容

path = 'auto-mpg.data'
columns = ["mpg", "cylinders", "displacement", "horsepower", "weight", "acceleration", "model year", "origin", "car name"]
cars = pd.read_csv(path, delim_whitespace=True, names=columns)
cars.head()
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划分训练集和测试集

这里先用重量做特征

Y = cars['mpg']
X = cars[['weight']]
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X_train, X_test, Y_train, Y_test = train_test_split(X,Y,test_size=0.2,random_state=0)
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引入模型

线性回归

lr = LinearRegression()
lr = lr.fit(X_train,Y_train)
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查看准确率

文字

print('score = {}'.format(lr.score(X,Y)))
#score = 0.691680406988993
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可视化查看

plt.scatter(X_test, Y_test, color = 'red', alpha=0.3)
plt.scatter(X_test, lr.predict(X_test),color = 'green',alpha=0.3)
plt.xlabel('weight')
plt.ylabel('mpg')
plt.title('test data')
plt.show()
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准确率只有0.69因为只用到了weight

此时使用多变量线性回归

选三个变量建模

cars = cars[cars.horsepower != '?']
mul = ['weight','horsepower','displacement'] # 选择三个变量进行建立模型
mul_lr = LinearRegression()
mul_lr.fit(cars[mul],cars['mpg']) # 训练模型
cars['mpg_prediction'] = mul_lr.predict(cars[mul])
cars.head()
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预测准确率

mul_score = mul_lr.score(cars[mul],cars['mpg'])
mul_score
#0.7069554693444708
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从这里可以看出准确率上升了一个点

fig = plt.figure(figsize = (8,10))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(3,1,1)
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(3,1,2)
ax3 = fig.add_subplot(3,1,3)
ax1.scatter(cars['weight'], cars['mpg'], c='blue', alpha=0.3)
ax1.scatter(cars['weight'], cars['mpg_prediction'], c='red', alpha=0.3)
ax1.set_title('weight')
ax2.scatter([ float(x) for x in cars['horsepower'].tolist()], cars['mpg'], c='blue', alpha=0.3)
ax2.scatter([ float(x) for x in cars['horsepower'].tolist()], cars['mpg_prediction'], c='red', alpha=0.3)
ax2.set_title('horsepower')
ax3.scatter(cars['displacement'], cars['mpg'], c='blue', alpha=0.3)
ax3.scatter(cars['displacement'], cars['mpg_prediction'], c='red', alpha=0.3)
ax3.set_title('displacement')
plt.show()
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