• OpenGL_Learn15（投光物）

    1. 平行光

    1. cube.vs******************
    2.  
    3. #version 330 core
    4. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    5. layout (location =1 ) in vec3 aNormal;
    6. layout (location=2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
    7.  
    8. out vec3 FragPos;
    9. out vec3 Normal;
    10. out vec2 TexCoords;
    11.  
    12. uniform mat4 model;
    13. uniform mat4 view;
    14. uniform mat4 projection;
    15.  
    16. void main()
    17. {
    18.     FragPos=vec3(model*vec4(aPos,1.0));
    19.     Normal=mat3(transpose(inverse(model)))*aNormal;
    20.     TexCoords=aTexCoords;
    21.     gl_Position = projection * view  * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
    22. }
    23.  
    24.  
    25. cube.fs******************
    26. #version 330 core
    27. out vec4 FragColor;
    28.  
    29. in vec3 Normal;
    30. in vec3 FragPos;
    31.  
    32.  struct Material {
    33.     sampler2D diffuse;
    34.     sampler2D specular;
    35.     float shininess;
    36. }; 
    37. in vec2 TexCoords;
    38. struct Light {
    39.     vec3 direction;
    40.     vec3 ambient;
    41.     vec3 diffuse;
    42.     vec3 specular;
    43. };
    44. uniform Material material;
    45. uniform Light light;
    46. uniform vec3 objectColor;
    47. uniform vec3 lightColor;
    48. uniform vec3 lightPos;
    49. uniform vec3 viewPos;
    50.  
    51. void main()
    52. {
    53.     //ambient
    54.     vec3 ambient=vec3(0.1)*light.ambient*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));
    55.  
    56.     //diffuse
    57.     vec3 norm=normalize(Normal);
    58.     vec3 lightDir=normalize(-light.direction);//光的方向向量是光源位置向量与片段位置向量之间的向量差。
    59.     //对norm和lightDir向量进行点乘，计算光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响
    60.     //两个向量之间的角度越大，漫反射分量就会越小，点乘的几何意义也如此
    61.     float diff=max(dot(norm,lightDir),0.0);
    62.     vec3 diffuse=light.diffuse*diff*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));
    63.  
    64.  
    65.     //specular
    66.     //漫反射是光源指向片段位置。现在这个是摄像机指向片段位置
    67.     vec3 viewDir=normalize(viewPos-FragPos);
    68.     vec3 reflectDir=reflect(-lightDir,norm);//reflect第一个参数就是要片段指向摄像机位置
    69.     float spec=pow(max(dot(viewDir,reflectDir),0.0),material.shininess);
    70.     vec3 specular=light.specular*spec*vec3(texture(material.specular,TexCoords));
    71.  
    72.  
    73.     vec3 result=ambient+diffuse+specular;
    74.     FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
    75. }
    76.  
    77.  
    78. light_cube.vs******************
    79. #version 330 core
    80. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    81.  
    82. uniform mat4 model;
    83. uniform mat4 view;
    84. uniform mat4 projection;
    85.  
    86. void main()
    87. {
    88. 	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    89. }
    90.  
    91. light_cube.fs******************
    92.  
    93. #version 330 core
    94. out vec4 FragColor;
    95. uniform vec4 CubeFragColor;
    96. void main()
    97. {   
    98.     FragColor =vec4(1.0);
    99. }

    main.cpp

    1. #include 
    2. #include 
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include "stb_image.h"
    6. #include 
    7. #include "shader.h"
    8. #include "camera.h"
    9.  
    10. #include 
    11. #include 
    12. #include 
    13.  
    14. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
    15. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
    16. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
    17. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
    18.  
    19. // settings
    20. const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 900;
    21. const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
    22.  
    23.  
    24. //camera
    25. Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
    26. float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
    27. float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
    28. bool firstMouse = true;
    29.  
    30. //timing
    31. float deltaTime = 0.0f;//不同配置绘制速度不同，所以需要这个属性
    32. float lastFrame = 0.0f;
    33.  
    34. // utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
    35. // ---------------------------------------------------
    36. unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path)
    37. {
    38.     unsigned int textureID;
    39.     glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
    40.  
    41.     int width, height, nrComponents;
    42.     unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
    43.     if (data)
    44.     {
    45.         GLenum format;
    46.         if (nrComponents == 1)
    47.             format = GL_RED;
    48.         else if (nrComponents == 3)
    49.             format = GL_RGB;
    50.         else if (nrComponents == 4)
    51.             format = GL_RGBA;
    52.  
    53.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
    54.         glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    55.         glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    56.  
    57.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    58.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    59.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    60.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    61.  
    62.         stbi_image_free(data);
    63.     }
    64.     else
    65.     {
    66.         std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
    67.         stbi_image_free(data);
    68.     }
    69.  
    70.     return textureID;
    71. }
    72.  
    73. int main() {
    74.     //glfw:initialize and configure
    75.     //=============================
    76.     glfwInit();
    77.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    78.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    79.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    80.  
    81. #ifdef __APPLE__
    82.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
    83. #endif
    84.  
    85.     //glfw window creation
    86.     //=============================
    87.     GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Learn", NULL, NULL);
    88.     if (window == NULL) {
    89.         std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
    90.         glfwTerminate();
    91.         return -1;
    92.     }
    93.  
    94.     glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    95.     glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    96.     glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    97.     glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
    98.  
    99.     //tell GLFW to capture our mouse
    100.     glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
    101.  
    102.     //glad::load all OPenGL function pointers
    103.     //=============================
    104.     if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
    105.         std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
    106.         return -1;
    107.     }
    108.  
    109.     //configure gloabl opengl state
    110.     //=============================
    111.     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    112.  
    113.     //build and compile our shader zprogram
    114.     //=============================
    115.     Shader lightingShader("./cube.vs", "./cube.fs");
    116.     Shader lightingCubeShader("./light_cube.vs", "./light_cube.fs");
    117.     //set up vertex data 
    118.  
    119.     float vertices[] = {
    120.         // positions          // normals           // texture coords
    121.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    122.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    123.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    124.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    125.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    126.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    127.  
    128.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    129.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    130.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    131.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    132.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    133.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    134.  
    135.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    136.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    137.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    138.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    139.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    140.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    141.  
    142.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    143.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    144.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    145.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    146.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    147.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    148.  
    149.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    150.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    151.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    152.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    153.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    154.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    155.  
    156.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    157.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    158.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    159.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    160.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    161.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f
    162.     };
    163.     glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
    164.     glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
    165.     glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
    166.     glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
    167.     glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
    168.     glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
    169.     glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
    170.     glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
    171.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
    172.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
    173.     glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
    174.     };
    175.     //第一个
    176.     unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
    177.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    178.     glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    179.  
    180.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    181.     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    182.     glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    183.     //position attribute
    184.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    185.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    186.     //normal attribute
    187.     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    188.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    189.     glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    190.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    191.  
    192.     //第二个
    193.     unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
    194.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    195.     glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
    196.  
    197.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    198.  
    199.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    200.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    201.     //----------
    202.     std::string texturePath = "../../Data/container2.png";
    203.     unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(texturePath.c_str());
    204.  
    205.     std::string specularPath = "../../Data/container2_specular.png";
    206.     unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture(specularPath.c_str());
    207.  
    208.     lightingShader.use();
    209.     lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    210.     lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    211.     // render loop
    212.     // -----------
    213.     while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    214.     {
    215.         // per-frame time logic
    216.         // --------------------
    217.         float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());
    218.         deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
    219.         lastFrame = currentFrame;
    220.  
    221.         // input
    222.         // -----
    223.         processInput(window);
    224.  
    225.         // render
    226.         // ------
    227.         glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
    228.         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    229.  
    230.         // be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
    231.         lightingShader.use();
    232.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.direction", -0.2f, -1.0f, -0.3f);
    233.         lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
    234.  
    235.         //光照属性
    236.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
    237.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
    238.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    239.         //材质属性
    240.         lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f);
    241.         lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess",32.0f);
    242.  
    243.         // view/projection transformations
    244.         glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
    245.         glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
    246.         lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
    247.         lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);
    248.  
    249.         // world transformation
    250.         glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    251.         lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    252.  
    253.         //bind diffuse map
    254.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    255.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
    256.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    257.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
    258.         // render the cube
    259.         glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    260.         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    261.             glm::mat4 model=glm::mat4(1.0f);
    262.             model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
    263.             float angle = 20.0f * i;
    264.             model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
    265.             lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    266.             glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
    267.         }
    268.  
    269.         // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
    270.         // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    271.         glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    272.         glfwPollEvents();
    273.     }
    274.  
    275.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    276.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    277.     glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    278.  
    279.     glfwTerminate();
    280.     return 0;
    281.  
    282. }
    283. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
    284. {
    285.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    286.         glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    287.  
    288.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
    289.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    290.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
    291.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    292.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
    293.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    294.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
    295.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    296. }
    297.  
    298. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
    299. {
    300.     // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    301.     // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    302.     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    303. }
    304. // glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
    305. // -------------------------------------------------------
    306. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
    307. {
    308.     float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);
    309.     float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);
    310.  
    311.     if (firstMouse)
    312.     {
    313.         lastX = xpos;
    314.         lastY = ypos;
    315.         firstMouse = false;
    316.     }
    317.  
    318.     float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    319.     float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
    320.  
    321.     lastX = xpos;
    322.     lastY = ypos;
    323.  
    324.     camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
    325. }
    326.  
    327. // glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
    328. // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    329. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
    330. {
    331.     camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
    332. }
    333.

    2. 点光源

    1.  
    2. #version 330 core
    3. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    4. layout (location =1 ) in vec3 aNormal;
    5. layout (location=2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
    6.  
    7. out vec3 FragPos;
    8. out vec3 Normal;
    9. out vec2 TexCoords;
    10.  
    11. uniform mat4 model;
    12. uniform mat4 view;
    13. uniform mat4 projection;
    14.  
    15. void main()
    16. {
    17.     FragPos=vec3(model*vec4(aPos,1.0));
    18.     Normal=mat3(transpose(inverse(model)))*aNormal;
    19.     TexCoords=aTexCoords;
    20.     gl_Position = projection * view  * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
    21. }
    22.  
    23.  
    24. #version 330 core
    25. out vec4 FragColor;
    26.  
    27. in vec3 Normal;
    28. in vec3 FragPos;
    29.  
    30.  struct Material {
    31.     sampler2D diffuse;
    32.     sampler2D specular;
    33.     float shininess;
    34. }; 
    35. in vec2 TexCoords;
    36. struct Light {
    37.     vec3 position;
    38.     vec3 ambient;
    39.     vec3 diffuse;
    40.     vec3 specular;
    41.  
    42.     float constant;
    43.     float linear;
    44.     float quadratic;
    45. };
    46. uniform Material material;
    47. uniform Light light;
    48. uniform vec3 objectColor;
    49. uniform vec3 lightColor;
    50. uniform vec3 lightPos;
    51. uniform vec3 viewPos;
    52.  
    53. void main()
    54. {
    55.     float distance    = length(light.position - FragPos);
    56.     float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + 
    57.                 light.quadratic * (distance * distance));
    58.     
    59.     //ambient
    60.     vec3 ambient=vec3(0.1)*light.ambient*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));
    61.  
    62.     //diffuse
    63.     vec3 norm=normalize(Normal);
    64.     vec3 lightDir=normalize(light.position-FragPos);//光的方向向量是光源位置向量与片段位置向量之间的向量差。
    65.     //对norm和lightDir向量进行点乘，计算光源对当前片段实际的漫反射影响
    66.     //两个向量之间的角度越大，漫反射分量就会越小，点乘的几何意义也如此
    67.     float diff=max(dot(norm,lightDir),0.0);
    68.     vec3 diffuse=light.diffuse*diff*vec3(texture(material.diffuse,TexCoords));
    69.  
    70.  
    71.     //specular
    72.     //漫反射是光源指向片段位置。现在这个是摄像机指向片段位置
    73.     vec3 viewDir=normalize(viewPos-FragPos);
    74.     vec3 reflectDir=reflect(-lightDir,norm);//reflect第一个参数就是要片段指向摄像机位置
    75.     float spec=pow(max(dot(viewDir,reflectDir),0.0),material.shininess);
    76.     vec3 specular=light.specular*spec*vec3(texture(material.specular,TexCoords));
    77.  
    78.     ambient*=attenuation;
    79.     diffuse*=attenuation;
    80.     specular*=attenuation;
    81.     vec3 result=ambient+diffuse+specular;
    82.     FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
    83. }
    84.  
    85. #version 330 core
    86. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    87.  
    88. uniform mat4 model;
    89. uniform mat4 view;
    90. uniform mat4 projection;
    91.  
    92. void main()
    93. {
    94. 	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    95. }
    96.  
    97. #version 330 core
    98. out vec4 FragColor;
    99. void main()
    100. {   
    101.     FragColor =vec4(1.0);
    102. }

    camera.h

    1. #ifndef CAMERA_H
    2. #define CAMERA_H
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include 
    6. #include 
    7.  
    8. #include 
    9.  
    10. // Defines several possible options for camera movement. Used as abstraction to stay away from window-system specific input methods
    11. enum Camera_Movement {
    12.     FORWARD,
    13.     BACKWARD,
    14.     LEFT,
    15.     RIGHT
    16. };
    17.  
    18. // Default camera values
    19. const float YAW = -90.0f;
    20. const float PITCH = 0.0f;
    21. const float SPEED = 2.5f;
    22. const float SENSITIVITY = 0.1f;
    23. const float ZOOM = 45.0f;
    24.  
    25.  
    26. // An abstract camera class that processes input and calculates the corresponding Euler Angles, Vectors and Matrices for use in OpenGL
    27. class Camera
    28. {
    29. public:
    30.     // camera Attributes
    31.     glm::vec3 Position;
    32.     glm::vec3 Front;
    33.     glm::vec3 Up;
    34.     glm::vec3 Right;
    35.     glm::vec3 WorldUp;
    36.     // euler Angles
    37.     float Yaw;
    38.     float Pitch;
    39.     // camera options
    40.     float MovementSpeed;
    41.     float MouseSensitivity;
    42.     float Zoom;
    43.  
    44.     // constructor with vectors
    45.     Camera(glm::vec3 position = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3 up = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), float yaw = YAW, float pitch = PITCH) : Front(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)), MovementSpeed(SPEED), MouseSensitivity(SENSITIVITY), Zoom(ZOOM)
    46.     {
    47.         Position = position;
    48.         WorldUp = up;
    49.         Yaw = yaw;
    50.         Pitch = pitch;
    51.         updateCameraVectors();
    52.     }
    53.     // constructor with scalar values
    54.     Camera(float posX, float posY, float posZ, float upX, float upY, float upZ, float yaw, float pitch) : Front(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f)), MovementSpeed(SPEED), MouseSensitivity(SENSITIVITY), Zoom(ZOOM)
    55.     {
    56.         Position = glm::vec3(posX, posY, posZ);
    57.         WorldUp = glm::vec3(upX, upY, upZ);
    58.         Yaw = yaw;
    59.         Pitch = pitch;
    60.         updateCameraVectors();
    61.     }
    62.  
    63.     // returns the view matrix calculated using Euler Angles and the LookAt Matrix
    64.     glm::mat4 GetViewMatrix()
    65.     {
    66.         return glm::lookAt(Position, Position + Front, Up);
    67.     }
    68.  
    69.     // processes input received from any keyboard-like input system. Accepts input parameter in the form of camera defined ENUM (to abstract it from windowing systems)
    70.     void ProcessKeyboard(Camera_Movement direction, float deltaTime)
    71.     {
    72.         float velocity = MovementSpeed * deltaTime;
    73.         if (direction == FORWARD)
    74.             Position += Front * velocity;
    75.         if (direction == BACKWARD)
    76.             Position -= Front * velocity;
    77.         if (direction == LEFT)
    78.             Position -= Right * velocity;
    79.         if (direction == RIGHT)
    80.             Position += Right * velocity;
    81.     }
    82.  
    83.     // processes input received from a mouse input system. Expects the offset value in both the x and y direction.
    84.     void ProcessMouseMovement(float xoffset, float yoffset, GLboolean constrainPitch = true)
    85.     {
    86.         xoffset *= MouseSensitivity;
    87.         yoffset *= MouseSensitivity;
    88.  
    89.         Yaw += xoffset;
    90.         Pitch += yoffset;
    91.  
    92.         // make sure that when pitch is out of bounds, screen doesn't get flipped
    93.         if (constrainPitch)
    94.         {
    95.             if (Pitch > 89.0f)
    96.                 Pitch = 89.0f;
    97.             if (Pitch < -89.0f)
    98.                 Pitch = -89.0f;
    99.         }
    100.  
    101.         // update Front, Right and Up Vectors using the updated Euler angles
    102.         updateCameraVectors();
    103.     }
    104.  
    105.     // processes input received from a mouse scroll-wheel event. Only requires input on the vertical wheel-axis
    106.     void ProcessMouseScroll(float yoffset)
    107.     {
    108.         Zoom -= (float)yoffset;
    109.         if (Zoom < 1.0f)
    110.             Zoom = 1.0f;
    111.         if (Zoom > 45.0f)
    112.             Zoom = 45.0f;
    113.     }
    114.  
    115. private:
    116.     // calculates the front vector from the Camera's (updated) Euler Angles
    117.     void updateCameraVectors()
    118.     {
    119.         // calculate the new Front vector
    120.         glm::vec3 front;
    121.         front.x = cos(glm::radians(Yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(Pitch));
    122.         front.y = sin(glm::radians(Pitch));
    123.         front.z = sin(glm::radians(Yaw)) * cos(glm::radians(Pitch));
    124.         Front = glm::normalize(front);
    125.         // also re-calculate the Right and Up vector
    126.         Right = glm::normalize(glm::cross(Front, WorldUp));  // normalize the vectors, because their length gets closer to 0 the more you look up or down which results in slower movement.
    127.         Up = glm::normalize(glm::cross(Right, Front));
    128.     }
    129. };
    130. #endif

    main.cpp

    1. #include 
    2. #include 
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include "stb_image.h"
    6. #include 
    7. #include "shader.h"
    8. #include "camera.h"
    9.  
    10. #include 
    11. #include 
    12. #include 
    13.  
    14. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
    15. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
    16. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
    17. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
    18. unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path);
    19. // settings
    20. const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 900;
    21. const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
    22.  
    23.  
    24. //camera
    25. Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
    26. float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
    27. float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
    28. bool firstMouse = true;
    29.  
    30. //timing
    31. float deltaTime = 0.0f;//不同配置绘制速度不同，所以需要这个属性
    32. float lastFrame = 0.0f;
    33. // lighting
    34. glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
    35.  
    36. int main() {
    37.     //glfw:initialize and configure
    38.     //=============================
    39.     glfwInit();
    40.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    41.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    42.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    43.  
    44. #ifdef __APPLE__
    45.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
    46. #endif
    47.  
    48.     //glfw window creation
    49.     //=============================
    50.     GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Learn", NULL, NULL);
    51.     if (window == NULL) {
    52.         std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
    53.         glfwTerminate();
    54.         return -1;
    55.     }
    56.  
    57.     glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    58.     glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    59.     glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    60.     glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
    61.  
    62.     //tell GLFW to capture our mouse
    63.     glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
    64.  
    65.     //glad::load all OPenGL function pointers
    66.     //=============================
    67.     if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
    68.         std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
    69.         return -1;
    70.     }
    71.  
    72.     //configure gloabl opengl state
    73.     //=============================
    74.     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    75.  
    76.     //build and compile our shader zprogram
    77.     //=============================
    78.     Shader lightingShader("./cube.vs", "./cube.fs");
    79.     Shader lightingCubeShader("./light_cube.vs", "./light_cube.fs");
    80.     //set up vertex data 
    81.  
    82.     float vertices[] = {
    83.         // positions          // normals           // texture coords
    84.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    85.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    86.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    87.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    88.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    89.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    90.  
    91.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    92.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    93.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    94.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    95.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    96.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    97.  
    98.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    99.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    100.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    101.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    102.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    103.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    104.  
    105.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    106.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    107.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    108.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    109.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    110.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    111.  
    112.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    113.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    114.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    115.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    116.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    117.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    118.  
    119.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    120.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    121.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    122.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    123.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    124.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f
    125.     };
    126.     glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
    127.     glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
    128.     glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
    129.     glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
    130.     glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
    131.     glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
    132.     glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
    133.     glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
    134.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
    135.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
    136.     glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
    137.     };
    138.     //第一个
    139.     unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
    140.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    141.     glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    142.  
    143.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    144.     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    145.     glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    146.     //position attribute
    147.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    148.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    149.     //normal attribute
    150.     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    151.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    152.     glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    153.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    154.  
    155.     //第二个
    156.     unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
    157.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    158.     glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
    159.  
    160.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    161.  
    162.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    163.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    164.     //----------
    165.     std::string texturePath = "../../Data/container2.png";
    166.     unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(texturePath.c_str());
    167.  
    168.     std::string specularPath = "../../Data/container2_specular.png";
    169.     unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture(specularPath.c_str());
    170.  
    171.     lightingShader.use();
    172.     lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    173.     lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    174.     // render loop
    175.     // -----------
    176.     while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    177.     {
    178.         // per-frame time logic
    179.         // --------------------
    180.         float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());
    181.         deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
    182.         lastFrame = currentFrame;
    183.  
    184.         // input
    185.         // -----
    186.         processInput(window);
    187.  
    188.         // render
    189.         // ------
    190.         glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
    191.         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    192.  
    193.         // be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
    194.         lightingShader.use();
    195.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.position",lightPos);
    196.         lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
    197.  
    198.         //光照属性
    199.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.2f);
    200.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
    201.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    202.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.constant", 1.0f);
    203.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.linear", 0.09f);
    204.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.quadratic", 0.032f);
    205.  
    206.  
    207.         //材质属性
    208.         lightingShader.setVec3("material.specular", 0.5f,0.5f, 0.5f);
    209.         lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess",32.0f);
    210.  
    211.         // view/projection transformations
    212.         glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
    213.         glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
    214.         lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
    215.         lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);
    216.  
    217.         // world transformation
    218.         glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    219.         lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    220.  
    221.         //bind diffuse map
    222.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    223.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
    224.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    225.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
    226.         // render the cube
    227.         glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    228.         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    229.             glm::mat4 model=glm::mat4(1.0f);
    230.             model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
    231.             float angle = 20.0f * i;
    232.             model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
    233.             lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    234.             glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
    235.         }
    236.  
    237.         // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
    238.         // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    239.         glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    240.         glfwPollEvents();
    241.     }
    242.  
    243.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    244.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    245.     glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    246.  
    247.     glfwTerminate();
    248.     return 0;
    249.  
    250. }
    251. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
    252. {
    253.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    254.         glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    255.  
    256.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
    257.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    258.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
    259.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    260.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
    261.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    262.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
    263.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    264. }
    265.  
    266. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
    267. {
    268.     // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    269.     // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    270.     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    271. }
    272. // glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
    273. // -------------------------------------------------------
    274. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
    275. {
    276.     float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);
    277.     float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);
    278.  
    279.     if (firstMouse)
    280.     {
    281.         lastX = xpos;
    282.         lastY = ypos;
    283.         firstMouse = false;
    284.     }
    285.  
    286.     float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    287.     float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
    288.  
    289.     lastX = xpos;
    290.     lastY = ypos;
    291.  
    292.     camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
    293. }
    294.  
    295. // glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
    296. // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    297. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
    298. {
    299.     camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
    300. }
    301.  
    302. // utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
    303. // ---------------------------------------------------
    304. unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path)
    305. {
    306.     unsigned int textureID;
    307.     glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
    308.  
    309.     int width, height, nrComponents;
    310.     unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
    311.     if (data)
    312.     {
    313.         GLenum format;
    314.         if (nrComponents == 1)
    315.             format = GL_RED;
    316.         else if (nrComponents == 3)
    317.             format = GL_RGB;
    318.         else if (nrComponents == 4)
    319.             format = GL_RGBA;
    320.  
    321.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
    322.         glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    323.         glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    324.  
    325.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    326.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    327.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    328.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    329.  
    330.         stbi_image_free(data);
    331.     }
    332.     else
    333.     {
    334.         std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
    335.         stbi_image_free(data);
    336.     }
    337.  
    338.     return textureID;
    339. }

     

    3. 手电筒

    1. #version 330 core
    2. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    3.  
    4. uniform mat4 model;
    5. uniform mat4 view;
    6. uniform mat4 projection;
    7.  
    8. void main()
    9. {
    10. 	gl_Position = projection * view * model * vec4(aPos, 1.0);
    11. }
    12.  
    13.  
    14. #version 330 core
    15. out vec4 FragColor;
    16. void main()
    17. {   
    18.     FragColor =vec4(1.0);
    19. }
    20.  
    21.  
    22.  
    23. #version 330 core
    24. layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
    25. layout (location =1 ) in vec3 aNormal;
    26. layout (location=2) in vec2 aTexCoords;
    27.  
    28. out vec3 FragPos;
    29. out vec3 Normal;
    30. out vec2 TexCoords;
    31.  
    32. uniform mat4 model;
    33. uniform mat4 view;
    34. uniform mat4 projection;
    35.  
    36. void main()
    37. {
    38.     FragPos=vec3(model*vec4(aPos,1.0));
    39.     Normal=mat3(transpose(inverse(model)))*aNormal;
    40.     TexCoords=aTexCoords;
    41.     gl_Position = projection * view  * vec4(FragPos, 1.0);
    42. }
    43.  
    44.  
    45.  
    46.  
    47. #version 330 core
    48. out vec4 FragColor;
    49.  
    50. in vec3 Normal;
    51. in vec3 FragPos;
    52.  
    53.  struct Material {
    54.     sampler2D diffuse;
    55.     sampler2D specular;
    56.     float shininess;
    57. }; 
    58. in vec2 TexCoords;
    59. struct Light {
    60.     vec3 position;
    61.     vec3 direction;
    62.     float cutOff;
    63.     float outerCutOff;
    64.  
    65.     vec3 ambient;
    66.     vec3 diffuse;
    67.     vec3 specular;
    68.  
    69.     float constant;
    70.     float linear;
    71.     float quadratic;
    72.  
    73.  
    74. };
    75. uniform Material material;
    76. uniform Light light;
    77. uniform vec3 objectColor;
    78. uniform vec3 lightColor;
    79. uniform vec3 lightPos;
    80. uniform vec3 viewPos;
    81.  
    82. void main()
    83. {
    84.     vec3 lightDir=normalize(light.position-FragPos);
    85.  
    86.     //判断
    87.     float theta=dot(lightDir,normalize(-light.direction));
    88.  
    89.     
    90.     if(theta > light.cutOff) // remember that we're working with angles as cosines instead of degrees so a '>' is used.
    91.     {    
    92.         // ambient
    93.         vec3 ambient = light.ambient * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb;
    94.         
    95.         // diffuse 
    96.         vec3 norm = normalize(Normal);
    97.         float diff = max(dot(norm, lightDir), 0.0);
    98.         vec3 diffuse = light.diffuse * diff * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb;  
    99.         
    100.         // specular
    101.         vec3 viewDir = normalize(viewPos - FragPos);
    102.         vec3 reflectDir = reflect(-lightDir, norm);  
    103.         float spec = pow(max(dot(viewDir, reflectDir), 0.0), material.shininess);
    104.         vec3 specular = light.specular * spec * texture(material.specular, TexCoords).rgb;  
    105.         
    106.         // attenuation
    107.         float distance    = length(light.position - FragPos);
    108.         float attenuation = 1.0 / (light.constant + light.linear * distance + light.quadratic * (distance * distance));    
    109.  
    110.         // ambient  *= attenuation; // remove attenuation from ambient, as otherwise at large distances the light would be darker inside than outside the spotlight due the ambient term in the else branch
    111.         diffuse   *= attenuation;
    112.         specular *= attenuation;   
    113.             
    114.         vec3 result = ambient + diffuse + specular;
    115.         FragColor = vec4(result, 1.0);
    116.     }
    117.     else 
    118.     {
    119.         // else, use ambient light so scene isn't completely dark outside the spotlight.
    120.         FragColor = vec4(light.ambient * texture(material.diffuse, TexCoords).rgb, 1.0);
    121.     }
    122.  
    123.  
    124.  
    125. }

    main.cpp

    1. #include 
    2. #include 
    3.  
    4. #include 
    5. #include "stb_image.h"
    6. #include 
    7. #include "shader.h"
    8. #include "camera.h"
    9.  
    10. #include 
    11. #include 
    12. #include 
    13.  
    14. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height);
    15. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window);
    16. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos);
    17. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset);
    18. unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path);
    19. // settings
    20. const unsigned int SCR_WIDTH = 900;
    21. const unsigned int SCR_HEIGHT = 600;
    22.  
    23.  
    24. //camera
    25. Camera camera(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f));
    26. float lastX = SCR_WIDTH / 2.0f;
    27. float lastY = SCR_HEIGHT / 2.0f;
    28. bool firstMouse = true;
    29.  
    30. //timing
    31. float deltaTime = 0.0f;//不同配置绘制速度不同，所以需要这个属性
    32. float lastFrame = 0.0f;
    33. // lighting
    34. glm::vec3 lightPos(1.2f, 1.0f, 2.0f);
    35.  
    36. int main() {
    37.     //glfw:initialize and configure
    38.     //=============================
    39.     glfwInit();
    40.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    41.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    42.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);
    43.  
    44. #ifdef __APPLE__
    45.     glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);
    46. #endif
    47.  
    48.     //glfw window creation
    49.     //=============================
    50.     GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(SCR_WIDTH, SCR_HEIGHT, "Learn", NULL, NULL);
    51.     if (window == NULL) {
    52.         std::cout << "Failed to create GLFW window" << std::endl;
    53.         glfwTerminate();
    54.         return -1;
    55.     }
    56.  
    57.     glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);
    58.     glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebuffer_size_callback);
    59.     glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, mouse_callback);
    60.     glfwSetScrollCallback(window, scroll_callback);
    61.  
    62.     //tell GLFW to capture our mouse
    63.     glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);
    64.  
    65.     //glad::load all OPenGL function pointers
    66.     //=============================
    67.     if (!gladLoadGLLoader((GLADloadproc)glfwGetProcAddress)) {
    68.         std::cout << "Failed to initialize GLAD" << std::endl;
    69.         return -1;
    70.     }
    71.  
    72.     //configure gloabl opengl state
    73.     //=============================
    74.     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    75.  
    76.     //build and compile our shader zprogram
    77.     //=============================
    78.     Shader lightingShader("./cube.vs", "./cube.fs");
    79.     Shader lightingCubeShader("./light_cube.vs", "./light_cube.fs");
    80.     //set up vertex data 
    81.  
    82.     float vertices[] = {
    83.         // positions          // normals           // texture coords
    84.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    85.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    86.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    87.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    88.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    89.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    90.  
    91.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    92.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    93.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    94.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    95.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    96.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    97.  
    98.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    99.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    100.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    101.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    102.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    103.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    104.  
    105.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    106.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    107.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    108.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    109.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    110.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    111.  
    112.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    113.          0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    114.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    115.          0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    116.         -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    117.         -0.5f, -0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f, -1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    118.  
    119.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,
    120.          0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f,
    121.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    122.          0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,
    123.         -0.5f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,
    124.         -0.5f,  0.5f, -0.5f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f
    125.     };
    126.     glm::vec3 cubePositions[] = {
    127.     glm::vec3(0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f),
    128.     glm::vec3(2.0f,  5.0f, -15.0f),
    129.     glm::vec3(-1.5f, -2.2f, -2.5f),
    130.     glm::vec3(-3.8f, -2.0f, -12.3f),
    131.     glm::vec3(2.4f, -0.4f, -3.5f),
    132.     glm::vec3(-1.7f,  3.0f, -7.5f),
    133.     glm::vec3(1.3f, -2.0f, -2.5f),
    134.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  2.0f, -2.5f),
    135.     glm::vec3(1.5f,  0.2f, -1.5f),
    136.     glm::vec3(-1.3f,  1.0f, -1.5f)
    137.     };
    138.     //第一个
    139.     unsigned int VBO, cubeVAO;
    140.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    141.     glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    142.  
    143.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    144.     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);
    145.     glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    146.     //position attribute
    147.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    148.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    149.     //normal attribute
    150.     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    151.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    152.     glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    153.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
    154.  
    155.     //第二个
    156.     unsigned int lightCubeVAO;
    157.     glGenVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    158.     glBindVertexArray(lightCubeVAO);
    159.  
    160.     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    161.  
    162.     glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    163.     glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    164.     //----------
    165.     std::string texturePath = "../../Data/container2.png";
    166.     unsigned int diffuseMap = loadTexture(texturePath.c_str());
    167.  
    168.     std::string specularPath = "../../Data/container2_specular.png";
    169.     unsigned int specularMap = loadTexture(specularPath.c_str());
    170.  
    171.     lightingShader.use();
    172.     lightingShader.setInt("material.diffuse", 0);
    173.     lightingShader.setInt("material.specular", 1);
    174.     // render loop
    175.     // -----------
    176.     while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
    177.     {
    178.         // per-frame time logic
    179.         // --------------------
    180.         float currentFrame = static_cast<float>(glfwGetTime());
    181.         deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
    182.         lastFrame = currentFrame;
    183.  
    184.         // input
    185.         // -----
    186.         processInput(window);
    187.  
    188.         // render
    189.         // ------
    190.         glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
    191.         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    192.  
    193.         // be sure to activate shader when setting uniforms/drawing objects
    194.         lightingShader.use();
    195.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.position", camera.Position);
    196.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.direction", camera.Front);
    197.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.cutOff", glm::cos(glm::radians(12.5f)));
    198.         lightingShader.setVec3("viewPos", camera.Position);
    199.  
    200.         //光照属性
    201.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.ambient", 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f);
    202.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.diffuse", 0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f);
    203.         lightingShader.setVec3("light.specular", 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    204.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.constant", 1.0f);
    205.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.linear", 0.09f);
    206.         lightingShader.setFloat("light.quadratic", 0.032f);
    207.         
    208.  
    209.  
    210.         //材质属性
    211.         lightingShader.setFloat("material.shininess", 32.0f);
    212.  
    213.         // view/projection transformations
    214.         glm::mat4 projection = glm::perspective(glm::radians(camera.Zoom), (float)SCR_WIDTH / (float)SCR_HEIGHT, 0.1f, 100.0f);
    215.         glm::mat4 view = camera.GetViewMatrix();
    216.         lightingShader.setMat4("projection", projection);
    217.         lightingShader.setMat4("view", view);
    218.  
    219.         // world transformation
    220.         glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    221.         lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    222.  
    223.         //bind diffuse map
    224.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    225.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, diffuseMap);
    226.         glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    227.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, specularMap);
    228.         // render the cube
    229.         glBindVertexArray(cubeVAO);
    230.         for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    231.             glm::mat4 model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
    232.             model = glm::translate(model, cubePositions[i]);
    233.             float angle = 20.0f * i;
    234.             model = glm::rotate(model, glm::radians(angle), glm::vec3(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.5f));
    235.             lightingShader.setMat4("model", model);
    236.             glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 36);
    237.         }
    238.  
    239.         // glfw: swap buffers and poll IO events (keys pressed/released, mouse moved etc.)
    240.         // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    241.         glfwSwapBuffers(window);
    242.         glfwPollEvents();
    243.     }
    244.  
    245.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &cubeVAO);
    246.     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &lightCubeVAO);
    247.     glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    248.  
    249.     glfwTerminate();
    250.     return 0;
    251.  
    252. }
    253. void processInput(GLFWwindow* window)
    254. {
    255.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE) == GLFW_PRESS)
    256.         glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, true);
    257.  
    258.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
    259.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(FORWARD, deltaTime);
    260.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
    261.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(BACKWARD, deltaTime);
    262.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
    263.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(LEFT, deltaTime);
    264.     if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
    265.         camera.ProcessKeyboard(RIGHT, deltaTime);
    266. }
    267.  
    268. void framebuffer_size_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height)
    269. {
    270.     // make sure the viewport matches the new window dimensions; note that width and 
    271.     // height will be significantly larger than specified on retina displays.
    272.     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);
    273. }
    274. // glfw: whenever the mouse moves, this callback is called
    275. // -------------------------------------------------------
    276. void mouse_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xposIn, double yposIn)
    277. {
    278.     float xpos = static_cast<float>(xposIn);
    279.     float ypos = static_cast<float>(yposIn);
    280.  
    281.     if (firstMouse)
    282.     {
    283.         lastX = xpos;
    284.         lastY = ypos;
    285.         firstMouse = false;
    286.     }
    287.  
    288.     float xoffset = xpos - lastX;
    289.     float yoffset = lastY - ypos; // reversed since y-coordinates go from bottom to top
    290.  
    291.     lastX = xpos;
    292.     lastY = ypos;
    293.  
    294.     camera.ProcessMouseMovement(xoffset, yoffset);
    295. }
    296.  
    297. // glfw: whenever the mouse scroll wheel scrolls, this callback is called
    298. // ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    299. void scroll_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xoffset, double yoffset)
    300. {
    301.     camera.ProcessMouseScroll(static_cast<float>(yoffset));
    302. }
    303.  
    304. // utility function for loading a 2D texture from file
    305. // ---------------------------------------------------
    306. unsigned int loadTexture(char const* path)
    307. {
    308.     unsigned int textureID;
    309.     glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
    310.  
    311.     int width, height, nrComponents;
    312.     unsigned char* data = stbi_load(path, &width, &height, &nrComponents, 0);
    313.     if (data)
    314.     {
    315.         GLenum format;
    316.         if (nrComponents == 1)
    317.             format = GL_RED;
    318.         else if (nrComponents == 3)
    319.             format = GL_RGB;
    320.         else if (nrComponents == 4)
    321.             format = GL_RGBA;
    322.  
    323.         glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
    324.         glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
    325.         glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    326.  
    327.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    328.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    329.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    330.         glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    331.  
    332.         stbi_image_free(data);
    333.     }
    334.     else
    335.     {
    336.         std::cout << "Texture failed to load at path: " << path << std::endl;
    337.         stbi_image_free(data);
    338.     }
    339.  
    340.     return textureID;
    341. }

     

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_59068750/article/details/134503307