GPIO 资源是相对来说较为简单,而且比较通用(比如 LED 灯),而 Linux 的 GPIO 驱动属于 Linux Driver 中较为容易上手的部分,但是简单归简单,在 Linux 系统中,要使用 GPIO 资源,还是需要了解一些内容。
Linux Kernel 中对 GPIO 资源进行了抽象,抽象出一个叫做 Gpiolib 的东东,这个东东作为 GPIO 资源的管理核心存在:

中间层是 Gpiolib,用于管理系统中的 GPIO。Gpiolib 汇总了 GPIO 的通用操作,根据 GPIO 的特性,Gpiolib 对上(其他 Drivers)提供的一套统一通用的操作 GPIO 的软件接口,屏蔽了不同芯片的具体实现。对下,Gpiolib 提供了针对不同芯片操作的一套 framework,针对不同芯片,只需要实现 Specific Chip Driver ,然后使用 Gpiolib 提供的注册函数,将其挂接到 Gpiolib 上,这样就完成了这一套东西。
对于其他驱动来说,比如 LED 灯驱动,就需要用到通用的 Gpiolib 的函数来进行 I/O 口的操作。
先分析数据结构,Gpiolib 其实就是围绕几个数据结构在做文章,数据结构以及抽象层次清楚了,代码自然很快。
数据结构主要定义在 include/linux/gpio/driver.h 和 /drivers/gpio/gpiolib.h 中
首先看一个数据结构,叫 struct gpio_chip (include/linux/gpio/driver.h):
- struct gpio_chip {
- const char *label;
- struct gpio_device *gpiodev;
- struct device *parent;
- struct module *owner;
-
- int (*request)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
- void (*free)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
- int (*get_direction)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
- int (*direction_input)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
- int (*direction_output)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset, int value);
- int (*get)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
- int (*get_multiple)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned long *mask,
- unsigned long *bits);
- void (*set)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset, int value);
- void (*set_multiple)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned long *mask,
- unsigned long *bits);
- int (*set_config)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset,
- unsigned long config);
- int (*to_irq)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned int offset);
-
-
- void (*dbg_show)(struct seq_file *s,
- struct gpio_chip *gc);
-
- int (*init_valid_mask)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- unsigned long *valid_mask,
- unsigned int ngpios);
-
- int (*add_pin_ranges)(struct gpio_chip *gc);
-
- int base;
- u16 ngpio;
- const char *const *names;
- bool can_sleep;
-
- #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_GPIO_GENERIC)
- unsigned long (*read_reg)(void __iomem *reg);
- void (*write_reg)(void __iomem *reg, unsigned long data);
- bool be_bits;
- void __iomem *reg_dat;
- void __iomem *reg_set;
- void __iomem *reg_clr;
- void __iomem *reg_dir_out;
- void __iomem *reg_dir_in;
- bool bgpio_dir_unreadable;
- int bgpio_bits;
- spinlock_t bgpio_lock;
- unsigned long bgpio_data;
- unsigned long bgpio_dir;
- #endif /* CONFIG_GPIO_GENERIC */
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP
- /*
- * With CONFIG_GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP we get an irqchip inside the gpiolib
- * to handle IRQs for most practical cases.
- */
-
- /**
- * @irq:
- *
- * Integrates interrupt chip functionality with the GPIO chip. Can be
- * used to handle IRQs for most practical cases.
- */
- struct gpio_irq_chip irq;
- #endif /* CONFIG_GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP */
-
- /**
- * @valid_mask:
- *
- * If not %NULL holds bitmask of GPIOs which are valid to be used
- * from the chip.
- */
- unsigned long *valid_mask;
-
- #if defined(CONFIG_OF_GPIO)
- /*
- * If CONFIG_OF is enabled, then all GPIO controllers described in the
- * device tree automatically may have an OF translation
- */
-
- /**
- * @of_node:
- *
- * Pointer to a device tree node representing this GPIO controller.
- */
- struct device_node *of_node;
-
- /**
- * @of_gpio_n_cells:
- *
- * Number of cells used to form the GPIO specifier.
- */
- unsigned int of_gpio_n_cells;
-
- /**
- * @of_xlate:
- *
- * Callback to translate a device tree GPIO specifier into a chip-
- * relative GPIO number and flags.
- */
- int (*of_xlate)(struct gpio_chip *gc,
- const struct of_phandle_args *gpiospec, u32 *flags);
- #endif /* CONFIG_OF_GPIO */
-
- ANDROID_KABI_RESERVE(1);
- ANDROID_KABI_RESERVE(2);
- };
gpio_chip 这个数据结构一看,很多函数指针结构,明眼人秒懂,此结构是为了抽象 GPIO 的所有操作,同时适配不同芯片的一个 common 的结构,所以,这个结构是要开出去给其他芯片进行特定的操作赋值的,比如你是 Qcom 的芯片,那么你需要实现你的这些 gpio_chip 的内容。
一般的,在一个芯片中,针对所有的 I/O 口都会有配置,默认状态有些是 I/O 口全部默认 GPIO 输入(稳当)。一般芯片会提供管脚复用的功能(后期的 Linux 版本中,使用 pin control 来抽象),要使用 GPIO ,则首先需要配置他为 GPIO 功能,而不是其他的复用功能。
而针对 GPIO 呢,有一些通用的特性,比如设置 GPIO 的方向,读 GPIO 的电平(输入的时候),写 GPIO 的电平(输出的时候),GPIO 作为外部中断输入,等等。
gpio_chip 的抽象,其实是对 GPIO 一组 Bank 的抽象,通常在硬件上,一个芯片对 IO 口来说,分为了很多个 Bank,每个 Bank 分为了 N 组 GPIO。
比如:1 个 SoC 将 I/O 分为了 4 个 Bank:
- Bank 1:GPIOA ~ GPIOB
- Bank 2:GPIOC ~ GPIOD
- Bank 3:GPIOE ~ GPIOF
- Bank 4:GPIOG ~ GPIOH
然鹅,每个 Bank 都有 N 组寄存器来表示 GPIO 的操作,比如:
Bank 1 中,针对 GPIO A:
- GPIOA_CFG 来表示对 GPIO A 的配置
- GPIOA_PULL 来表示对 GPIO A 的上下拉的配置
- GPIOA_DIR 来表示对 GPIO A 配置成为输入或者输出
- GPIOA_DATA 来表示 GPIO A 设置为输出的时候设置为高低或者输入的时候读高低
当然,Bank 1 中 针对 GPIO B,也是一样的操作:
- GPIOB_CFG 来表示对 GPIO B 的配置
- GPIOB_PULL 来表示对 GPIO B 的上下拉的配置
- GPIOB_DIR 来表示对 GPIO B 配置成为输入或者输出
- GPIOB_DATA 来表示 GPIO B 设置为输出的时候设置为高低或者输入的时候读高低
上面说的是一个 Bank 的情况,那么芯片有好几个 Bank,所以它们都是类似的,这里不在赘述。
所以整体结构是如下所示(这里只是打个比方,有的芯片 Bank 很多,寄存器也很多):

Linux Driver Gpiolib 对他们的抽象,使用 gpio_chip 对应了一组 Bank 描述,比如 Bank ·1,用一个 gpio_chip 来抽象:

那么多个 Bank ,就用指针,或者数组来表示咯。当然这里可能说得有点不准确,gpio_chip 只是抽象了一组 Bank 的统一的接口而已。
那么对于一颗芯片底层来说,需要根据芯片手册 Datasheet,来实现这些结构的接口。
既然系统分为多个 Bank,每个 Bank 又由几组组成,那么每个 GPIO 实体就由一个 gpio_desc 来描述:
- struct gpio_desc {
- struct gpio_device *gdev;
- unsigned long flags;
- /* flag symbols are bit numbers */
- #define FLAG_REQUESTED 0
- #define FLAG_IS_OUT 1
- #define FLAG_EXPORT 2 /* protected by sysfs_lock */
- #define FLAG_SYSFS 3 /* exported via /sys/class/gpio/control */
- #define FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW 6 /* value has active low */
- #define FLAG_OPEN_DRAIN 7 /* Gpio is open drain type */
- #define FLAG_OPEN_SOURCE 8 /* Gpio is open source type */
- #define FLAG_USED_AS_IRQ 9 /* GPIO is connected to an IRQ */
- #define FLAG_IRQ_IS_ENABLED 10 /* GPIO is connected to an enabled IRQ */
- #define FLAG_IS_HOGGED 11 /* GPIO is hogged */
- #define FLAG_TRANSITORY 12 /* GPIO may lose value in sleep or reset */
- #define FLAG_PULL_UP 13 /* GPIO has pull up enabled */
- #define FLAG_PULL_DOWN 14 /* GPIO has pull down enabled */
- #define FLAG_BIAS_DISABLE 15 /* GPIO has pull disabled */
- #define FLAG_EDGE_RISING 16 /* GPIO CDEV detects rising edge events */
- #define FLAG_EDGE_FALLING 17 /* GPIO CDEV detects falling edge events */
-
- /* Connection label */
- const char *label;
- /* Name of the GPIO */
- const char *name;
- #ifdef CONFIG_OF_DYNAMIC
- struct device_node *hog;
- #endif
- #ifdef CONFIG_GPIO_CDEV
- /* debounce period in microseconds */
- unsigned int debounce_period_us;
- #endif
- };
这个结构比较简单,可以看到,他包含了一个 gpio_device 的结构和 flag,以及 lable 和 name;
gdev 指针指向了这个 gpio_desc 所属的 gpio_device(马上描述),flag 代表了这个 GPIO 的属性状态;

看起来 gpio_chip 和 gpio_desc 应该是包含关系,但是 Kernel 中并没有直接将其两个结构联系上,而是通过另外一个结构将其联系在一起,这个结构就是 gpio_device。
gpio_device 应该算是大内总管了(最新的内核有,Linux 3 版本的内核没有这个),如果说 gpio_chip 是对一个 Bank 的 GPIO 的硬件的具体抽象的话,那么 gpio_device 就是软件层面上对一个 Bank 的 GPIO 进行管理的单元,它的数据结构是:
- struct gpio_device {
- int id;
- struct device dev;
- struct cdev chrdev;
- struct device *mockdev;
- struct module *owner;
- struct gpio_chip *chip;
- struct gpio_desc *descs;
- int base;
- u16 ngpio;
- const char *label;
- void *data;
- struct list_head list;
- struct blocking_notifier_head notifier;
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL
- /*
- * If CONFIG_PINCTRL is enabled, then gpio controllers can optionally
- * describe the actual pin range which they serve in an SoC. This
- * information would be used by pinctrl subsystem to configure
- * corresponding pins for gpio usage.
- */
- struct list_head pin_ranges;
- #endif
- };
在这个 gpio_device 结构中,包含了 gpio_chip(对接芯片的操作集),gpio_desc(一些 GPIO 的描述);这个结构贯穿了整个 Gpiolib,因为 gpio_device 代表的是一个 Bank,一般的 GPIO 有多个 Bank,所以 Kernel 中,对这 gpio_device 的组织是由一个 gpio_devices 的链表构成(此处是多个 device,所以后面加了 s),在 gpiolib.c:
LIST_HEAD(gpio_devices);


先聊聊 Gpiolib 是怎么对接到底层实际的驱动的。在前面的 2.1 部分讲过,底层需要对接的,其实对接的部分只有那些通用的操作,其实也就是 gpio_chip 这个玩意,所以,对接底层的部分,主要关心的是这个结构体,并且对这个结构体进行赋值的过程。
在底层对接到 Gpiolib 的时候,主要是对 gpio_chip 进行实现,然后调用 gpiochip_add 的接口,向 Gpiolib 注册你的 GPIO 。
实现的过程,主要是根据芯片手册,实现对应的 GPIO 的操作,也就是说,把寄存器操作编程成为函数,对接到这个 gpio_chip 结构体上。
代码路径:drivers/gpio/gpio-pl061.c
pl061是通过AMBA总线连接在SOC上的片上gpio controller,arm架构的芯片经过授权之后可以直接使用。

部分寄存器描述:


suspend/resume操作:
- #ifdef CONFIG_PM
- //suspend函数中保存当前所有gpio pin寄存器状态
- static int pl061_suspend(struct device *dev)
- {
- struct pl061 *pl061 = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
- int offset;
-
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_data = 0;
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_dir = readb(pl061->base + GPIODIR);
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_is = readb(pl061->base + GPIOIS);
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_ibe = readb(pl061->base + GPIOIBE);
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_iev = readb(pl061->base + GPIOIEV);
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_ie = readb(pl061->base + GPIOIE);
-
- for (offset = 0; offset < PL061_GPIO_NR; offset++) {
- if (pl061->csave_regs.gpio_dir & (BIT(offset)))
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_data |=
- pl061_get_value(&pl061->gc, offset) << offset;
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- //resume函数中将gpio pin的寄存器状态恢复
- static int pl061_resume(struct device *dev)
- {
- struct pl061 *pl061 = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
- int offset;
-
- for (offset = 0; offset < PL061_GPIO_NR; offset++) {
- if (pl061->csave_regs.gpio_dir & (BIT(offset)))
- pl061_direction_output(&pl061->gc, offset,
- pl061->csave_regs.gpio_data &
- (BIT(offset)));
- else
- pl061_direction_input(&pl061->gc, offset);
- }
-
- writeb(pl061->csave_regs.gpio_is, pl061->base + GPIOIS);
- writeb(pl061->csave_regs.gpio_ibe, pl061->base + GPIOIBE);
- writeb(pl061->csave_regs.gpio_iev, pl061->base + GPIOIEV);
- writeb(pl061->csave_regs.gpio_ie, pl061->base + GPIOIE);
-
- return 0;
- }
probe函数流程:
- static int pl061_probe(struct amba_device *adev, const struct amba_id *id)
- {
- struct device *dev = &adev->dev;
- struct pl061 *pl061;
- struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
- int ret, irq;
-
- pl061 = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*pl061), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (pl061 == NULL)
- return -ENOMEM;
-
- pl061->base = devm_ioremap_resource(dev, &adev->res);
- if (IS_ERR(pl061->base))
- return PTR_ERR(pl061->base);
-
- //填充gpio_chip中的回调函数
- raw_spin_lock_init(&pl061->lock);
- pl061->gc.request = gpiochip_generic_request;
- pl061->gc.free = gpiochip_generic_free;
- pl061->gc.base = -1;
- pl061->gc.get_direction = pl061_get_direction;
- pl061->gc.direction_input = pl061_direction_input;
- pl061->gc.direction_output = pl061_direction_output;
- pl061->gc.get = pl061_get_value;
- pl061->gc.set = pl061_set_value;
- pl061->gc.ngpio = PL061_GPIO_NR; //8
- pl061->gc.label = dev_name(dev);
- pl061->gc.parent = dev;
- pl061->gc.owner = THIS_MODULE;
-
- /*
- * irq_chip support
- */
- pl061->irq_chip.name = dev_name(dev);
- pl061->irq_chip.irq_ack = pl061_irq_ack;
- pl061->irq_chip.irq_mask = pl061_irq_mask;
- pl061->irq_chip.irq_unmask = pl061_irq_unmask;
- pl061->irq_chip.irq_set_type = pl061_irq_type;
- pl061->irq_chip.irq_set_wake = pl061_irq_set_wake;
-
- writeb(0, pl061->base + GPIOIE); /* disable irqs */
- irq = adev->irq[0];
- if (!irq)
- dev_warn(&adev->dev, "IRQ support disabled\n");
- pl061->parent_irq = irq;
-
- girq = &pl061->gc.irq;
- girq->chip = &pl061->irq_chip;
- girq->parent_handler = pl061_irq_handler;
- girq->num_parents = 1;
- girq->parents = devm_kcalloc(dev, 1, sizeof(*girq->parents),
- GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!girq->parents)
- return -ENOMEM;
- girq->parents[0] = irq;
- girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
- girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
-
- //注册gpio资源
- ret = devm_gpiochip_add_data(dev, &pl061->gc, pl061);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
-
- amba_set_drvdata(adev, pl061);
- dev_info(dev, "PL061 GPIO chip registered\n");
-
- return 0;
- }
几个gpio_chip函数的实现 - pl061_get_direction
- static int pl061_get_direction(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned offset)
- {
- //per-instance data assigned by the driver, return gc->gpiodev->data
- struct pl061 *pl061 = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
-
- //读取GPIODIR寄存器判断是输入或者输出并返回结果
- if (readb(pl061->base + GPIODIR) & BIT(offset))
- return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_OUT;
-
- return GPIO_LINE_DIRECTION_IN;
- }
几个gpio_chip函数的实现 -pl061_set_value
- static void pl061_set_value(struct gpio_chip *gc, unsigned offset, int value)
- {
- struct pl061 *pl061 = gpiochip_get_data(gc);
-
- //设置GPIODATA寄存器
- writeb(!!value << offset, pl061->base + (BIT(offset + 2)));
- }
1)
- int gpiochip_add_data_with_key(struct gpio_chip *gc, void *data,
- struct lock_class_key *lock_key,
- struct lock_class_key *request_key)
- {
- struct fwnode_handle *fwnode = gc->parent ? dev_fwnode(gc->parent) : NULL;
- unsigned long flags;
- int ret = 0;
- unsigned i;
- int base = gc->base;
- struct gpio_device *gdev;
- bool block_gpio_read = false;
-
- /*
- * First: allocate and populate the internal stat container, and
- * set up the struct device.
- */
- gdev = kzalloc(sizeof(*gdev), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!gdev)
- return -ENOMEM;
- gdev->dev.bus = &gpio_bus_type;
- gdev->chip = gc;
- gc->gpiodev = gdev;
- if (gc->parent) {
- gdev->dev.parent = gc->parent;
- gdev->dev.of_node = gc->parent->of_node;
- }
-
- of_gpio_dev_init(gc, gdev);
-
- /*
- * Assign fwnode depending on the result of the previous calls,
- * if none of them succeed, assign it to the parent's one.
- */
- gdev->dev.fwnode = dev_fwnode(&gdev->dev) ?: fwnode;
-
- //给chip分配唯一的ID
- gdev->id = ida_alloc(&gpio_ida, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (gdev->id < 0) {
- ret = gdev->id;
- goto err_free_gdev;
- }
-
- ret = dev_set_name(&gdev->dev, GPIOCHIP_NAME "%d", gdev->id);
- if (ret)
- goto err_free_ida;
-
- device_initialize(&gdev->dev);
- if (gc->parent && gc->parent->driver)
- gdev->owner = gc->parent->driver->owner;
- else if (gc->owner)
- /* TODO: remove chip->owner */
- gdev->owner = gc->owner;
- else
- gdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
因为传入的结构是 gpio_chip,他代表了是一个 Bank,但是并没有 gpio_device 的结构,所以,在这个函数中,首先分配一个 gpio_device 的结构,并将其结构体成员的 chip ,等等进行赋值,建立起相关的结构联系。
2)
- gdev->descs = kcalloc(gc->ngpio, sizeof(gdev->descs[0]), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!gdev->descs) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err_free_dev_name;
- }
-
- if (gc->ngpio == 0) {
- chip_err(gc, "tried to insert a GPIO chip with zero lines\n");
- ret = -EINVAL;
- goto err_free_descs;
- }
-
- if (gc->ngpio > FASTPATH_NGPIO)
- chip_warn(gc, "line cnt %u is greater than fast path cnt %u\n",
- gc->ngpio, FASTPATH_NGPIO);
-
- gdev->label = kstrdup_const(gc->label ?: "unknown", GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!gdev->label) {
- ret = -ENOMEM;
- goto err_free_descs;
- }
-
- gdev->ngpio = gc->ngpio;
- gdev->data = data;
由于 1 个 Bank不仅仅只有一个 GPIO,所以 gpio_chip->ngpio 的结构表示了这个 Bank 一共的 GPIO 个数,每一个 GPIO 使用一个 gpio_desc 表示,所以,这里分配了 ngpio 个 descs;
3)
- spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);
-
- /*
- * TODO: this allocates a Linux GPIO number base in the global
- * GPIO numberspace for this chip. In the long run we want to
- * get *rid* of this numberspace and use only descriptors, but
- * it may be a pipe dream. It will not happen before we get rid
- * of the sysfs interface anyways.
- */
- if (base < 0) {
- base = gpiochip_find_base(gc->ngpio);
- if (base < 0) {
- ret = base;
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- goto err_free_label;
- }
- /*
- * TODO: it should not be necessary to reflect the assigned
- * base outside of the GPIO subsystem. Go over drivers and
- * see if anyone makes use of this, else drop this and assign
- * a poison instead.
- */
- gc->base = base;
- }
- gdev->base = base;
-
- ret = gpiodev_add_to_list(gdev);
- if (ret) {
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- goto err_free_label;
- }
-
- for (i = 0; i < gc->ngpio; i++)
- gdev->descs[i].gdev = gdev;
-
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
-
- BLOCKING_INIT_NOTIFIER_HEAD(&gdev->notifier);
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_PINCTRL
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&gdev->pin_ranges);
- #endif
-
- if (gc->names)
- ret = gpiochip_set_desc_names(gc);
- else
- ret = devprop_gpiochip_set_names(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_from_list;
-
- ret = gpiochip_alloc_valid_mask(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_from_list;
-
- ret = of_gpiochip_add(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_free_gpiochip_mask;
-
- ret = gpiochip_init_valid_mask(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_of_chip;
-
- trace_android_vh_gpio_block_read(gdev, &block_gpio_read);
- if (!block_gpio_read) {
- for (i = 0; i < gc->ngpio; i++) {
- struct gpio_desc *desc = &gdev->descs[i];
-
- if (gc->get_direction && gpiochip_line_is_valid(gc, i)) {
- assign_bit(FLAG_IS_OUT,
- &desc->flags, !gc->get_direction(gc, i));
- } else {
- assign_bit(FLAG_IS_OUT,
- &desc->flags, !gc->direction_input);
- }
- }
- }
-
- ret = gpiochip_add_pin_ranges(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_of_chip;
-
- acpi_gpiochip_add(gc);
-
- machine_gpiochip_add(gc);
-
- ret = gpiochip_irqchip_init_valid_mask(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_acpi_chip;
-
- ret = gpiochip_irqchip_init_hw(gc);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_acpi_chip;
-
- ret = gpiochip_add_irqchip(gc, lock_key, request_key);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_irqchip_mask;
-
- /*
- * By first adding the chardev, and then adding the device,
- * we get a device node entry in sysfs under
- * /sys/bus/gpio/devices/gpiochipN/dev that can be used for
- * coldplug of device nodes and other udev business.
- * We can do this only if gpiolib has been initialized.
- * Otherwise, defer until later.
- */
- if (gpiolib_initialized) {
- ret = gpiochip_setup_dev(gdev);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_irqchip;
- }
- return 0;
-
- err_remove_irqchip:
- gpiochip_irqchip_remove(gc);
- err_remove_irqchip_mask:
- gpiochip_irqchip_free_valid_mask(gc);
- err_remove_acpi_chip:
- acpi_gpiochip_remove(gc);
- err_remove_of_chip:
- gpiochip_free_hogs(gc);
- of_gpiochip_remove(gc);
- err_free_gpiochip_mask:
- gpiochip_remove_pin_ranges(gc);
- gpiochip_free_valid_mask(gc);
- err_remove_from_list:
- spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);
- list_del(&gdev->list);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- err_free_label:
- kfree_const(gdev->label);
- err_free_descs:
- kfree(gdev->descs);
- err_free_dev_name:
- kfree(dev_name(&gdev->dev));
- err_free_ida:
- ida_free(&gpio_ida, gdev->id);
- err_free_gdev:
- /* failures here can mean systems won't boot... */
- pr_err("%s: GPIOs %d..%d (%s) failed to register, %d\n", __func__,
- gdev->base, gdev->base + gdev->ngpio - 1,
- gc->label ? : "generic", ret);
- kfree(gdev);
- return ret;
- }
- EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(gpiochip_add_data_with_key);
base 代表了每个 Bank 的编号,将其赋值;然后通过 gpiodev_add_to_list(gdev) 将这个 gdev 挂到全局的 gpio_devices :
- /*
- * Add a new chip to the global chips list, keeping the list of chips sorted
- * by range(means [base, base + ngpio - 1]) order.
- *
- * Return -EBUSY if the new chip overlaps with some other chip's integer
- * space.
- */
- static int gpiodev_add_to_list(struct gpio_device *gdev)
- {
- struct gpio_device *prev, *next;
-
- if (list_empty(&gpio_devices)) {
- /* initial entry in list */
- list_add_tail(&gdev->list, &gpio_devices);
- return 0;
- }
-
- next = list_entry(gpio_devices.next, struct gpio_device, list);
- if (gdev->base + gdev->ngpio <= next->base) {
- /* add before first entry */
- list_add(&gdev->list, &gpio_devices);
- return 0;
- }
-
- prev = list_entry(gpio_devices.prev, struct gpio_device, list);
- if (prev->base + prev->ngpio <= gdev->base) {
- /* add behind last entry */
- list_add_tail(&gdev->list, &gpio_devices);
- return 0;
- }
-
- list_for_each_entry_safe(prev, next, &gpio_devices, list) {
- /* at the end of the list */
- if (&next->list == &gpio_devices)
- break;
-
- /* add between prev and next */
- if (prev->base + prev->ngpio <= gdev->base
- && gdev->base + gdev->ngpio <= next->base) {
- list_add(&gdev->list, &prev->list);
- return 0;
- }
- }
-
- dev_err(&gdev->dev, "GPIO integer space overlap, cannot add chip\n");
- return -EBUSY;
- }
接着就是设置一些 name 字段,配置中断之类的,初始化每个 desc[] 结构的 flags,最后调用:
- if (gpiolib_initialized) {
- ret = gpiochip_setup_dev(gdev);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_irqchip;
- }
然后,不出意外的话,返回 0;
这里说一下 gpiochip_setup_dev 调用,这个是在 Gpiolib init 的时候调用 gpiochip_setup_devs:
- static int __init gpiolib_dev_init(void)
- {
- int ret;
-
- /* Register GPIO sysfs bus */
- ret = bus_register(&gpio_bus_type);
- if (ret < 0) {
- pr_err("gpiolib: could not register GPIO bus type\n");
- return ret;
- }
-
- ret = driver_register(&gpio_stub_drv);
- if (ret < 0) {
- pr_err("gpiolib: could not register GPIO stub driver\n");
- bus_unregister(&gpio_bus_type);
- return ret;
- }
-
- ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&gpio_devt, 0, GPIO_DEV_MAX, GPIOCHIP_NAME);
- if (ret < 0) {
- pr_err("gpiolib: failed to allocate char dev region\n");
- driver_unregister(&gpio_stub_drv);
- bus_unregister(&gpio_bus_type);
- return ret;
- }
-
- gpiolib_initialized = true;
- gpiochip_setup_devs();
-
- #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF_DYNAMIC) && IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_OF_GPIO)
- WARN_ON(of_reconfig_notifier_register(&gpio_of_notifier));
- #endif /* CONFIG_OF_DYNAMIC && CONFIG_OF_GPIO */
-
- return ret;
- }
- core_initcall(gpiolib_dev_init);
而这个 gpiochip_setup_devs 对每一个 gpio_devicecs 节点调用:gpiochip_setup_dev:
- static void gpiochip_setup_devs(void)
- {
- struct gpio_device *gdev;
- int ret;
-
- list_for_each_entry(gdev, &gpio_devices, list) {
- ret = gpiochip_setup_dev(gdev);
- if (ret)
- dev_err(&gdev->dev,
- "Failed to initialize gpio device (%d)\n", ret);
- }
- }
最后到:
- static int gpiochip_setup_dev(struct gpio_device *gdev)
- {
- int ret;
-
- ret = gcdev_register(gdev, gpio_devt);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
-
- ret = gpiochip_sysfs_register(gdev);
- if (ret)
- goto err_remove_device;
-
- /* From this point, the .release() function cleans up gpio_device */
- gdev->dev.release = gpiodevice_release;
- dev_dbg(&gdev->dev, "registered GPIOs %d to %d on %s\n", gdev->base,
- gdev->base + gdev->ngpio - 1, gdev->chip->label ? : "generic");
-
- return 0;
-
- err_remove_device:
- gcdev_unregister(gdev);
- return ret;
- }
其实就是注册了字符设备,并且添加到了 sysfs;
debug logs:
- char dev节点:/sys/bus/gpio/devices
- ls -l /sys/bus/gpio/devices
- total 0
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip0 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/f000000.pinctrl/gpiochip0
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip1 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-00/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pmk8350@0:pinctrl@b000/gpiochip1
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip2 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-02/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350c@2:pinctrl@8800/gpiochip2
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip3 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-01/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm7325@1:pinctrl@8800/gpiochip3
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip4 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-03/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350b@3:pinctrl@8800/gpiochip4
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:52 gpiochip5 -> ../../../devices/platform/soc/soc:spf_core_platform/soc:spf_core_platform:lpi_pinctrl@3440000/gpiochip5
-
- sysfs节点 /sys/class/gpio
- ls -l /sys/class/gpio/
- total 0
- --w------- 1 root root 4096 2023-09-21 06:53 export
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip287 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/soc:spf_core_platform/soc:spf_core_platform:lpi_pinctrl@3440000/gpio/gpiochip287
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip310 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-03/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350b@3:pinctrl@8800/gpio/gpiochip310
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip318 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-01/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm7325@1:pinctrl@8800/gpio/gpiochip318
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip328 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-02/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350c@2:pinctrl@8800/gpio/gpiochip328
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip337 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/c42d000.qcom,spmi/spmi-0/0-00/c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pmk8350@0:pinctrl@b000/gpio/gpiochip337
- lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2023-09-21 06:53 gpiochip341 -> ../../devices/platform/soc/f000000.pinctrl/gpio/gpiochip341
- --w------- 1 root root 4096 2023-09-21 06:53 unexport
- dev_dbg(&gdev->dev, "registered GPIOs %d to %d on %s\n", gdev->base, gdev->base + gdev->ngpio - 1, gdev->chip->label ? : "generic");
-
- 05-23 16:18:33.460 1 1 E gpiochip0: (f000000.pinctrl): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:0)
- 05-23 16:18:33.460 1 1 E gpiochip0: william_gpio registered GPIOs 341 to 511 on f000000.pinctrl
- 05-23 16:18:35.347 357 357 E gpiochip1: (c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pmk8350@0:pinctrl@b000): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:1)
- 05-23 16:18:35.347 357 357 E gpiochip1: william_gpio registered GPIOs 337 to 340 on c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pmk8350@0:pinctrl@b000
- 05-23 16:18:35.351 357 357 E gpiochip2: (c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350c@2:pinctrl@8800): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:2)
- 05-23 16:18:35.351 357 357 E gpiochip2: william_gpio registered GPIOs 328 to 336 on c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350c@2:pinctrl@8800
- 05-23 16:18:35.361 357 357 E gpiochip3: (c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm7325@1:pinctrl@8800): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:3)
- 05-23 16:18:35.361 357 357 E gpiochip3: william_gpio registered GPIOs 318 to 327 on c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm7325@1:pinctrl@8800
- 05-23 16:18:35.362 357 357 E gpiochip4: (c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350b@3:pinctrl@8800): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:4)
- 05-23 16:18:35.362 357 357 E gpiochip4: william_gpio registered GPIOs 310 to 317 on c42d000.qcom,spmi:qcom,pm8350b@3:pinctrl@8800
- 09-21 01:52:25.519 758 758 E gpiochip5: (soc:spf_core_platform:lpi_pinctrl@3440000): william_gpio added GPIO chardev (254:5)
- 09-21 01:52:25.519 758 758 E gpiochip5: william_gpio registered GPIOs 287 to 309 on soc:spf_core_platform:lpi_pinctrl@3440000
- chip base ngpio gdev->chip->label
- gpiochip0 341 170 f000000.pinctrl
- gpiochip1 337 3 pmk8350@0:pinctrl@b000
- gpiochip2 328 8 pm8350c@2:pinctrl@8800
- gpiochip3 318 9 pm7325@1:pinctrl@8800
- gpiochip4 310 7 pm8350b@3:pinctrl@8800
- gpiochip5 287 22 lpi_pinctrl@3440000
个人理解,因为不知道这个 init 和我们的对接底层的驱动的 init 谁先执行到,所以用了一个变量 gpiolib_initialized 来表示当前的 Gpiolib 是不是已经完成了相关的字符设备的注册,如果是 Gpiolib 先去 init 的话,那么 gpiolib_initialized ture,芯片对接底层的部分错过 gpio_chip setup 的机会,所以需要重新调用这个 gpiochip_setup_dev 接口,反之 OK;
到这里,对接底层驱动的部分基本上 OK 了,小伙伴们需要按照自己芯片的 Specific 去做自己的 gpio_chip 结构并最终通过 gpiochip_add_data 添加到 Gpiolib 子系统中;
还有一点需要注意到的是,小伙伴们需要自行定义一些结构,来获得并表示自己 Bank 的虚拟地址等等,这样才能操作到实际的硬件寄存器;
两种不同的gpio框架:
* descriptor-based interface: 基于描述符的接口, 新框架, 官方推荐;
* legacy integer-based interface: 基于整数的接口;
参考:
Documentation/gpio/board.txt
- #include
-
- foo_device {
- compatible = "acme,foo";
- ...
- led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
- <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
- <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
-
- power-gpio = <&gpio 18 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
- };
-
- struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
-
- red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0);
- green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1);
- blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2);
- power = gpiod_get(dev, "power");
-
- gpiod_direction_output(red, 1);
- gpiod_direction_output(green, 1);
- gpiod_direction_output(blue, 1);
- gpiod_direction_output(power, 1);
-
- gpiod_put(red); //释放gpio口;
dts中gpio label的写法: name-gpios, 其中name是gpiod_get*()函数里的第二个参数;
The led GPIOs will be active-high, while the power GPIO will be active-low;
gpiod_is_active_low(power); 为true;
- device_node {
- ...
- gpio_name = <&tlmm 99 0>;
- ...
- }
-
- int gpio_99 = of_get_named_gpio_flags(dev->of_node, "gpio_name", 0, NULL);
- gpio_request(gpio_99, "gpio_name"); //通过gpio号申请gpio
- gpio_direction_output(gpio_99, 1); //设置gpio_99输出,初始值为1
- gpio_set_value(gpio_99, 0); //设置gpio_99值为0
- gpio_free(gpio_99);
-
- gpio_get_value(gpio_99, 0); //获取gpio_99的值
这种方法目前最常用;
gpio_request()流程:
- gpio_request()
- *desc = gpio_to_desc(gpio);
- gpiod_request(desc, label);
- gpiod_request_commit(desc, label);
- offset = gpio_chip_hwgpio(desc);
- gc->request(gc, offset);
- pl061->gc.request = gpiochip_generic_request;
- pinctrl_gpio_request(gc->gpiodev->base + offset); //drivers/pinctrl/core.c
- pin = gpio_to_pin(range, gpio);
- pinmux_request_gpio(pctldev, range, pin, gpio);
- pin_request(pctldev, pin, owner, range);
- ops->gpio_request_enable(pctldev, gpio_range, pin);
可以看到GPIO子系统是通过pinctrl子系统来实现的。
gpio_direction_output()流程:
- gpio_direction_output()
- gpiod_direction_output_raw(gpio_to_desc(gpio), value);
- gpiod_direction_output_raw_commit(desc, value);
- *gc = desc->gdev->chip;
- gc->direction_output(gc, gpio_chip_hwgpio(desc), val);
- pl061->gc.direction_output = pl061_direction_output;
代码路径:drivers/gpio/gpiolib-devres.c
- struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id,
- enum gpiod_flags flags)
-
- struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
- const char *con_id,
- unsigned int idx,
- enum gpiod_flags flags)
-
- struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_optional(struct device *dev,
- const char *con_id,
- enum gpiod_flags flags)
-
- struct gpio_desc * devm_gpiod_get_index_optional(struct device *dev,
- const char *con_id,
- unsigned int index,
- enum gpiod_flags flags)
释放gpio:
- void gpiod_put(struct gpio_desc *desc);
- void devm_gpiod_put(struct device *dev, struct gpio_desc *desc);
- gpio与gpio_desc结构体的相互转换:
- static struct gpio_desc gpio_desc[ARCH_NR_GPIOS]; //gpiolib.c
- gpio_to_desc(unsigned gpio)
- &gpio_desc[gpio] //这里的gpio_desc是同名结构体的数组;
-
- int desc_to_gpio(const struct gpio_desc *desc) //gpiolib.c
- return desc - &gpio_desc[0];
参考链接: