• java 自定义生成验证码

    目录

    说明

    项目登录或者其他重要的操作中都要生成验证码，其重要性在此不多说。
    主要是介绍自己封装的验证码生成工具类的使用。

    1. 建议安装lombok插件,不使用此插件则需要手动生成get、set方法
    2. 此工具类不需要引入第三方jar依赖。
    3. 验证码说明：
      验证码由数字和字母组成
      支持自定义验证码位数
      支持自定义验证码生成规则
      支持自定义验证码图片宽高
      支持验证码生成图片保存到指定路径
      支持验证码转成base64编码
      支持自定义验证码文件和base64编码前缀格式

    效果展示

    在这里插入图片描述

    Base64编码的文件类型枚举类

    import lombok.Getter;

@Getter
public enum Base64FileTypeEnum {
    // 文件类型
    BASE64_FILETYPE_DOC(".doc", "data:application/msword;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_DOCX(".docx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_XLS(".xls", "data:application/vnd.ms-excel;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_XLSX(".xlsx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_PDF(".pdf", "data:application/pdf;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_PPT(".ppt", "data:application/vnd.ms-powerpoint;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_PPTX(".pptx", "data:application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_TXT(".txt", "data:text/plain;base64"),

    // 图片类型
    BASE64_FILETYPE_PNG(".png", "data:image/png;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG(".jpg", "data:image/jpeg;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_JPEG(".jpeg", "data:image/jpeg;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_GIF(".gif", "data:image/gif;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_SVG(".svg", "data:image/svg+xml;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_ICO(".ico", "data:image/x-icon;base64"),
    BASE64_FILETYPE_BMP(".bmp", "data:image/bmp;base64");

    private String code;
    private String value;

    private Base64FileTypeEnum(String code, String value) {
        this.code = code;
        this.value = value;
    }


}

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    验证码默认常量值

    
/**
 * 说明: 验证码常量
 *
 * @param
 * @author zhangxiaosan
 * @create 2022/11/25
 * @return
 */
public interface ValidateCodeConstant {
    /**
     * 说明: 默认验证码长度
     *
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/25
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    Integer size = 4;

    /**
     * 说明: 验证码图片宽
     *
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/25
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    Integer width = 120;

    /**
     * 说明: 验证码图片高
     *
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/25
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    Integer height = 40;

    /**
    * 说明: 生成的图片格式,默认jpg
    * @author   zhangxiaosan
    * @create   2022/11/25
    * @param
    * @return
    */
    String imgType = Base64FileTypeEnum.BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG.getCode().replaceAll("\\.","");

    /**
     * 说明: 生成的base64前缀,默认jpg
     * @author   zhangxiaosan
     * @create   2022/11/25
     * @param
     * @return
     */
    String base64Prefix = Base64FileTypeEnum.BASE64_FILETYPE_JPG.getValue() + ",";

    /**
    * 说明: 验证码生成图片存储地址,默认不存放图片
    * @author   zhangxiaosan
    * @create   2022/11/25
    * @param
    * @return
    */
    String saveImagePath = null;
}

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    验证码生成工具类

    
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
import www.three.commom.constant.ValidateCodeConstant;
import www.three.commom.enums.Base64FileTypeEnum;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 * 说明：
 * 生成验证码工具类
 *
 * @author 张小三
 * @create 2022-11-24 22:48
 * @verson 1.0.0
 */
public class ValidateCodeUtil {
    private static Random random = new Random();

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
        if (fc > 255)
            fc = 255;
        if (bc > 255)
            bc = 255;
        int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(2);

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
                g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
            }
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

        boolean borderGap = true;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase) / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            if (borderGap) {
                g.setColor(color);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
                g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
            }

        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成指定长度的随机数字和字母
     *
     * @param length
     * @return
     */
    private static String getStringRandom(int length) {
        String val = "";
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? "char" : "num";
            switch (charOrNum) {
                case "char":
                    int temp = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;
                    val += (char) (random.nextInt(26) + temp);
                    break;
                case "num":
                    val += String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10));
                    break;
            }
        }
        return val;
    }

    /**
     * 创建Base64编码的验证码图片
     *
     * @param w    宽
     * @param h    高
     * @param code 验证码
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static ByteArrayOutputStream imageToBase64Byte(int w, int h, String code) throws Exception {
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Random rand = new Random();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN, Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA,
                Color.ORANGE, Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);

        // 绘制干扰线
        Random random = new Random();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h - 4;
        Font font = new Font("Arial", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1),
                    (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
        }
        g2.dispose();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ImageIO.write(image, ValidateCodeConstant.imgType, baos);
        return baos;
        //return new Base64().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
        //return new BASE64Encoder().encode(baos.toByteArray());
        //return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
    }


    /**
     * 创建Base64编码的验证码图片,并保存到指定的路径
     *
     * @param w        宽
     * @param h        高
     * @param code     验证码
     * @param savePath 验证码图片保存的地址
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static String createValidateCodeImageBase(Integer w, Integer h, String code, String savePath) throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = imageToBase64Byte(w, h, code);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(savePath)) {
            try {
                File file = new File(savePath);
                FileOutputStream write = new FileOutputStream(file);
                byte[] decode = Base64.getEncoder().encode(new BASE64Encoder().encode(baos.toByteArray()).getBytes());
                write.write(decode);
                write.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 返回不换行的编码
        return ValidateCodeConstant.base64Prefix + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(baos.toByteArray());
    }

    /**
     * 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小
     * 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放
     *
     * @param
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/24
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h, String code, String savePath) throws Exception {
        String validateCodeImage = createValidateCodeImageBase(w, h, code, savePath);
        Map<String, Object> res = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        res.put("code", code);
        res.put("base64", validateCodeImage);
        res.put("w", w);
        res.put("h", h);
        res.put("uuid",UUID.randomUUID());
        return res;
    }


    /**
     * 说明: 生成默认的验证码
     * 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放
     *
     * @param
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/24
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage() throws Exception {
        String code = getStringRandom(ValidateCodeConstant.size);
        return createValidateCodeImage( ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);
    }

    /**
     * 说明: 生成自定义验证码位数
     * 验证码宽为 120，高为40，长度为4位，不生成为图片存放
     *
     * @param
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/24
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer size) throws Exception {
        String code = getStringRandom(size);
        return createValidateCodeImage(ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);
    }

    /**
     * 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小
     * 长度为4位，不生成为图片存放
     *
     * @param
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/24
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h) throws Exception {
        String code = getStringRandom(ValidateCodeConstant.size);
        return createValidateCodeImage(ValidateCodeConstant.width, ValidateCodeConstant.height, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);
    }

    /**
     * 说明: 生成自定义验证码 图片大小
     * 长度为4位，不生成为图片存放
     *
     * @param
     * @return String 单行的base64编码，携带文件前缀
     * @author zhangxiaosan
     * @create 2022/11/24
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> createValidateCodeImage(Integer w, Integer h,Integer size) throws Exception {
        String code = getStringRandom(size);
        return createValidateCodeImage( w,  h, code, ValidateCodeConstant.saveImagePath);
    }

    
}

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    使用

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
     ValidateCodeUtil.createValidateCodeImage().forEach((k,v)->{
         System.out.println(k+":"+v);
     });
 }

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    结果如下：

    code: mo1U
w: 120
base64: data:image/jpeg;base64,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
h: 40
uuid: 404d2e57-f666-4958-9557-2c113af654bf

    • 1
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    结果说明：
    w : 宽
    h ：高
    code: 验证码
    uuid: 验证码唯一标识
    base64：验证码图片编码，可以传给前端在html 的 中展示验证码图片

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38313548/article/details/128033952