微服务基础设施选型

微服务基础设施架构

全貌

优先级

微服务框架模式

核心

服务注册、服务发现、服务路由

模式1-嵌入SDK

优点

1. 架构简单，天然支持高性能、高可用
2. 维护简答，无需维护独立的Proxy节点

缺点

1. 应用侵入，需要集成SDK，并联动升级
2. 多语言重复开发SDK

模式2-反向代理式

优点

1. 应用无侵入
2. 天然支持多语言

缺点

1. Service Proxy需要通过集群来做高性能、高可用
2. 维护复杂，需要维护Service Proxy集群

模式3-网络代理式（Service Mesh）

优点

1. 应用无侵入
2. 天然支持多语言
3. 天然支持架构高性能、高可用

缺点

1. 维护复杂，需要维护每台服务器上的Service Proxy
2. 单台服务器的Service Mesh是单点
3. 全链路请求性能会下降

3种模式对比

常见微服务框架选择

嵌入SDK

Dubbo

Apache Dubbo是一款高性能、轻量级的开源Java服务框架，提供了6大核心能力：

1. 面向接口代理的高性能RPC调用
2. 智能容错和负载均衡
3. 服务自动注册和发现
4. 高度可扩展能力
5. 运行期流量调度
6. 可视化的服务治理和运维

Spring Cloud

Spring Cloud provides tools for (Java) developers to quickly build some of the common patterns in distributed systems：

1. Distributed/versioned configuration
2. Service registration and discovery
3. Routing
4. Service-to-service calls
5. Load balancing
6. Circuit Breakers
7. Global locks
8. Leadership election and cluster state
9. Distributed messaging

反向代理式

APISIX

Apache APISIX is a dynamic, real-time, high-performance API gateway. Based on the Nginx library and etcd

APISIX provides rich traffic management features such as load balancing, dynamic upstream, canary release, circuit breaking,authentication, observability, and more

You can use Apache APISIX to handle traditional north-south traffic, as well as east-west traffic between services. It can also be used as a k8s ingress controller

网络代理式（Service Mesh）

Istio

Istio makes it easy to create a network of deployed services with load balancing, service-to-service authentication, monitoring, and more, with few or no code changes in service code

1. Automatic load
2. Fine-grained control of traffic behavior with rich routing rules,retries, failovers, and fault injection
3. A pluggable policy layer and configuration API supporting access controls, rate limits and quotas
4. Automatic metrics, logs, and traces for all traffic within a cluster,including cluster ingress and egress
5. Secure service-to-service communication in a cluster with strong identity-based authentication and authorization

如何选择开源微服务框架