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Spring Cloud框架（原生Hoxton版本与Spring Cloud Alibaba）基础入门篇 ---- 搭建环境
springcloud官方文档（Hoxton SR5）：https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Hoxton.SR5/reference/htmlsingle/
springcloud中文文档：https://www.springcloud.cc/
springcloud中国社区文档：http://docs.springcloud.cn/
https://www.bookstack.cn/read/spring-cloud-docs/docs-index.md
一、Spring Cloud简介
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。Spring Cloud并没有重复制造轮子，它只是将各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过Spring Boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。
Spring Cloud专注于为典型的用例和扩展机制提供良好的开箱即用体验，以涵盖其他情况。
- 分布式/版本化配置
- 服务注册和发现
- 路由
- 服务到服务的呼叫
- 负载均衡
- 断路器
- 分布式消息传递
SpringCloud是分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶
京东内部微服务架构
通用微服务技术栈
Spring Cloud 与 Spring Boot版本依赖关系
Spring cloud 官网地址：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud
学习环境版本
- jdk 1.8
- maven 3,5 以上
- mysql 5.7 以上
- Spring Cloud Hoxton.SR1
- Spring Cloud Alibaba 2.1.0
- Spring Boot 2.2.2
关于Cloud各种组件的停更/升级/替换
二、微服务架构编码实现
约定>配置>编码
搭建微服务总体父工程
- Create New Project
- 填写工程名
3. 勾选本地maven
4.设置项目编码
5.设置注解激活生效
6.Java编译版本修改
父工程pom文件
<packaging>pom</packaging>- 1
项目所需的所有依赖树
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zhao.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <!--统一管理jar包版本--> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <lombok.version>1.18.10</lombok.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <mysql.version>8.0.18</mysql.version> <druid.version>1.1.20</druid.version> <mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.2</mybatis.spring.boot.version> </properties> <!--子模块继承之后，提供作用：锁定版本+子module不用写groupId和version--> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <!--spring boot 2.2.2--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Hoxton.SR1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!--spring cloud alibaba--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId> <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <!--mysql--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!-- druid--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${druid.version}</version> </dependency> <!--mybatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version> </dependency> <!--junit--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> </dependency> <!--log4j--> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> <addResources>true</addResources> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>- 1
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Maven中dependencyManagement与dependencies区别
子项目中，如果不指定，默认和父项目dependencyManagement标签中的版本一致，并且父项目dependencyManagement标签只是规定了版本号，具体引入依赖还是子项目引入。
maven中跳过单元测试：
Rest微服务工程构建
最简单的支付模块
构建步骤：- 建module
- 改pom
- 写yml
- 主启动
- 业务类
- 测试
1.微服务提供者支付module模块cloud-provider-payment8001
创建模块
填写模块名
创建完成
添加依赖树
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>cloud2020</artifactId> <groupId>com.zhao.springcloud</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment-8001</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.2.8</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok --> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>- 1
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编写yml文件
server: port: 8001 spring: application: name: cloud-payment-service #数据库配置 datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #mysql5.x的没有cj driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver #记得先创建数据库 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2020?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false username: root password: 123456 #mybatis配置 mybatis: mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml type-aliases-package: com.zhao.springcloud.entities #所有Entity别名类所在包- 1
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编写主启动类
@SpringBootApplication public class PaymentMain8001 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class); } }- 1
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编写业务类
1.创建数据库
CREATE TABLE `payment`( `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID', `serial` VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY(`id`) )ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO payment(`serial`)VALUES("xxx");- 1
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2.创建实体类
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class PayMent implements Serializable { private Long id; private String serial; }- 1
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返回前端的json数据对象
@Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class CommonResult<T> { private Integer code; private String message; private T data; public CommonResult(Integer code, String message) { this.code = code; this.message = message; } }- 1
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3.持久化层（dao）
持久化层接口：@Mapper public interface PaymentDao { int add(Payment payment); // 加上@Param注解，mapper中就可以采用#{}的方式把@Param注解括号内的参数进行引用 Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id); }- 1
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mapper.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.zhao.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao"> <insert id="add" parameterType="com.zhao.springcloud.entities.Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id"> insert into payment(serial) value (#{serial}) </insert> <select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="long" resultMap="BaseResultMap"> select * from payment where id = #{id} </select> <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.zhao.springcloud.entities.Payment"> <!--column 数据库字段 property Java字段--> <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"></id> <result column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR" /> </resultMap> </mapper>- 1
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4.服务层（service）
服务层接口public interface PaymentService { int add(Payment payment); Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id); }- 1
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实现类
@Service public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService { @Resource private PaymentDao paymentDao; @Override public int add(Payment payment) { return paymentDao.add(payment); } @Override public Payment getPaymentById(Long id) { return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id); } }- 1
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5.控制器（controller）
@RestController @Slf4j public class PaymentController { @Resource private PaymentService paymentService; @PostMapping("/payment/add") public CommonResult<Payment> add(@RequestBody Payment payment){ int result = paymentService.add(payment); log.info("******插入结果："+result); if (result>0){ return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据库成功",result); }else { return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null); } } @GetMapping("/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){ Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id); log.info("******插入结果："+payment); if (payment != null){ return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment); }else { return new CommonResult(444,"没有当前查询记录，查询id"+id,null); } } }- 1
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测试
启动项目,浏览器输入
http://localhost:8001/payment/get/1,查询成功
因为浏览器一般不支持直接发送post请求，所以，需要使用工具apiPost进行测试
输入
http://localhost:8001/payment/add发送post请求，往数据库中插入一条数据，需要把数据写到body中。
2.热部署Dev-tools
子工程添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> <optional>true</optional> </dependency>- 1
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父工程添加插件
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> <addResources>true</addResources> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>- 1
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开启自动编译的权限
热键注册开启
重启IDEA即可生效！！
3.微服务消费者订单module模块cloud-consumer-order80
新建模块
添加依赖<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId> <scope>runtimescope> <optional>trueoptional> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId> <artifactId>lombokartifactId> <optional>trueoptional> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId> <scope>testscope> dependency> dependencies>- 1
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新建yml文件
server: port: 80- 1
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主启动类
@SpringBootApplication public class OrderMain80 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class); } }- 1
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业务类
① 复制cloud-provider-payment8001项目里的entities
② 添加配置类@Configuration public class ApplicationContextConfig { @Bean public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){ return new RestTemplate(); } }- 1
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③ 创建controller
@RestController @Slf4j public class OrderController { public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://localhost:8001"; @Resource private RestTemplate restTemplate; @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/add") public CommonResult<Payment> add(Payment payment){ return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/add",payment,CommonResult.class); } @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}") public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){ return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get"+id,CommonResult.class); } }- 1
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测试
启动两个项目进行测试，两个都启动后，右下角会弹出个services提示，点击show。
用户支付订单，服务与服务之间的调用，输入地址
http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/1，查询成功
添加操作在页面上显示添加成功，查看数据库数据正常
4.工程重构
由于目前构建的两个微服务项目有重复的部分，需要将其提取出来，一次打包，到处运行，所以将项目进行重构。
新建模块
添加依赖
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId> <scope>runtimescope> <optional>trueoptional> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId> <artifactId>lombokartifactId> <optional>trueoptional> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId> <artifactId>hutool-allartifactId> <version>5.8.1version> dependency> dependencies>- 1
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将实体类放入commons模块
本项目进行打包
删除 80 和 8001中的实体，引入自定义的依赖
<!--引入自定义的api通用包，使用payment实体--> <dependency> <groupId>com.zhao.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency>- 1
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重新启动，并测试
查询数据成功！
插入数据成功！
至此，Spring Cloud框架（原生Hoxton版本与Spring Cloud Alibaba）基础入门篇 就结束了
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Zp_insist/article/details/127764496
