英语语法汇总（13.虚拟语气）

英语语法汇总（13.虚拟语气）

概述

说话人主观愿望，推测等，而非客观情况，用在非真实条件句中

How I wish I were a bird

虚拟语气的基本形式

• 与所描述的情况与目前事实不符，用现在虚拟语气，与将来的不符，用将来虚拟语气，所描述的情况与过去发生不符，用过去虚拟语气

  • if I were you, I should try it aging

  • If i had got up earlier yesterday, I would have caught the first bus then
    

• might/should/ought to +动词的完成时，表过去可能发生而没发生的事情

  • we should have caught the first train if we had got up earlier

wish与if only 引起的虚拟语气

• wish 和if only 表示愿望，两者可以互换
• if only 侧重于强调所希望的情况并不存在，而wish则通常表示所希望的事情有可能发生
  • I wish/if only the sun were/was shining at this moment
  • I wish you could complete the dream
  • If only we could be together

宾语从句中的虚拟语气

• wish,would rather/had better 后接宾语从句，或在It‘s high/about time that 从句结构中，使用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的动词为过去式、过去完成式，表示现在/过去事实相反
• I wish you saw the exhibition(和现在事实相反)
• I wish you had seen the exhibition yesterday(和过去事实相反)
• It’s high time you got up
• would rather/sooner +从句， 使用虚拟语气
  • I would rather Jack take the former train
• would rather /sooner+从句结构，表示和过去情况相反
  • I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it
• suggest,propse,advise,insist,command,order,require/request 和recommend，引导宾语从句时使用虚拟语气
  • To save time. I suggest we meet at the restaurant
  • 名词引导同位语从句或表语从句也使用虚拟语句
    • To save time, my suggestion is that we meet at the restaurant
  • 在suggest，insist等引导的宾语从句，主句的主语和从句的主语一致时，一般不用虚拟语句；而当主句的主语和从句的主语不一致时，需要使用虚拟语气
    • He insisted that he had once seen the UFO(主句和从句的主语一致)
    • I suggest that she go to there
  • suggest表示暗示，说明而不表示监护仪，不引导虚拟语气
    • Her accent suggests that she’s from Canada

主语从句中的虚拟语气（“It’s vital/essential+that从句”等引导的虚拟语气）

• important, vital,essential等，从句的谓语用should+动词原形
  • It is vital that we should go there

as if/though 引导的虚拟语气

• 进行非事实的比喻或夸张，引导虚拟语气
  • he talked about Japan as if he had been there for many times
• as if 也可用在句首，表示惊讶，不满等
  • As if we were all stupid and he alone clever
• 表示一种真实情况，应该用正常语气
  • It looks as if it is going to rain soon

虚拟语气中的倒装结构

• 虚拟条件句中使用倒装结构形式代替if
  • should you change your mind ,let us know= if you should change you mind, let us know