CentOS 7 迁移升级 RHEL8 衍生版操作指南

之前写过一篇 Centos迁移到AnolisOS 的教程，今天我们来讲讲从 Centos7 迁移到 RHEL 8 衍生的几个发行版。

本指南包含有关如何将 CentOS 7 升级到 RHEL8 的衍生发行版（例如 AlmaLinux、EuroLinux、CentOS Stream、Oracle Linux 和 Rocky Linux）的步骤。

在开始迁移前请做好系统快照备份，如果是生产环境尽量先在虚拟环境中进行迁移和验证。

版本查询

首先需要确定您的系统版本为 CentOS 7.x 才可以使用本指南。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
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更新系统

完成升级需要更新到最新版的Centos7系统，因此首先需要对 CentOS7系统进行更新，然后重启。

yum update -y
reboot
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安装Leapp

elevate-release 项目使用 repo 和 GPG 密钥安装包。

yum install -y http://repo.almalinux.org/elevate/elevate-release-latest-el7.noarch.rpm
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选择迁移系统版本

为您的系统选择相应的REHL8发行版进行迁移升级，当前支持以下选项：

# Alma Linux
leapp-data-almalinux

# Centos Stream
leapp-data-centos

# Euro Linux
leapp-data-eurolinux

# Oracle Linux
leapp-data-oraclelinux

# Rocky Linux
leapp-data-rocky
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迁移检查

本实例选择 Rocky Linux 作为迁移版本

sudo yum install -y leapp-upgrade leapp-data-Rocky
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开始升级前检查，并且安装所需要的依赖.

验证报告

sudo leapp preupgrade
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报告文件会存放在 /var/log/leapp/ 目录中

cd /var/log/leapp
ls
answerfile  answerfile.userchoices  archive  leapp-preupgrade.log  leapp-report.json  leapp-report.txt
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问题修复

=========================================================
                     UPGRADE INHIBITED                   
=========================================================

Upgrade has been inhibited due to the following problems:
    1. Inhibitor: Missing required answers in the answer file
Consult the pre-upgrade report for details and possible remediation.

=========================================================
                     UPGRADE INHIBITED                   
=========================================================


Debug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log

=========================================================
                           REPORT                         
=========================================================

A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.json
A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt

=========================================================
                       END OF REPORT                     
=========================================================

Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile
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出现以上错误需要执行下列命令进行修复

sudo rmmod pata_acpi
echo PermitRootLogin yes | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sudo leapp answer --section remove_pam_pkcs11_module_check.confirm=True
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开始迁移

一切问题解决后准备就绪，执行下列命令开始升级迁移

leapp upgrade
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重启系统

安装需要耐心等等，速度取决于您的网速，安装完成所有的包后出现以下提示重启系统。

A reboot is required to continue. Please reboot your system.

Debug output written to /var/log/leapp/leapp-upgrade.log

=========================================================
                           REPORT                        
=========================================================

A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.json
A report has been generated at /var/log/leapp/leapp-report.txt

=========================================================
                       END OF REPORT                     
=========================================================

Answerfile has been generated at /var/log/leapp/answerfile
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• 重启系统继续升级

reboot
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系统重启后进入引导，选择ELevate-Upgrade-Initramfs 项继续升级

迁移完成

升级迁移完成后我们可以正式登录系统了

查看系统版本

之前选择了迁移 Rocky Linux 我们可以使用以下命令查看版本信息。

cat /etc/rocky-release
cat /etc/os-release
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至此迁移升级完成，我们检查一下是否还有残留的 Centos 的包

rpm -qa | grep centos
rpm -qf | grep el7
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