基于Html+Python+Django+Sqlite的机票预订系统

目录
1.1 题目要求 2
要求实现的基本功能如下： 2
2.1 具体需求 2
2.2.1 用户界面 3
2.2.2 管理员界面 3
2.4 系统数据流图 4
三、逻辑设计 4
3.2 数据库表 5
3.2.1 航班信息表 5
3.2.3 实体间多对多关系 6
4.1.1 订票模块 7

查看乘客已经订购的flights 7

4.1.2 查询模块 7
4.1.3 退票模块 11
4.1.4 个人信息模块 11
4.2.1 航班信息管理 12
4.2.2 旅客信息管理 13
4.2.3 航空公司财务统计 14
5.1 欢迎界面 17
拟定一趟行程 17
5.3 订票界面 20
用户注册完账号直接加载到查询页面。 21
5.4 退票界面 23
在用户的个人中心，可以进行退票。 23
5.5 管理员界面 24
链接尾部输入 admin 进入后台管理。 26
一、项目介绍
1.1题目要求

要求实现的基本功能如下：

班机基本信息的管理航班信息的管理
旅客预定机票、取消预约、付款取票、退票的管理
查询航班信息、航班预定情况、旅客信息，计算航班满座率统计每周、每月，每年营业收入情况
1.2开发环境

语言：Python 3.5
框架：Django 1.10.6
前端设计：HTML, CSS, JavaScript
开发环境：PyCharm
二、需求分析
2.1具体需求

为方便旅客出行，某航空公司（CSU Airlines）拟开发一个机票预定系统。旅客可通过网上订票平台查询公司航班情况，通过输入起飞地、目的地、起飞时间等信息系统为旅客安排航班，旅客可根据自身需要，按照起飞时间和机 票价位来选择航班。订票成功之后，系统为旅客生成订单信息，本文转载自http://www.biyezuopin.vip/onews.asp?id=15283旅客可以再个人信息页面查看自己的订票信息，并 且可以向系统提出退票要求，系统针对具体情况计算手续费后进行相应退票处理。
2.2功能分析
2.2.1用户界面

查询：用户对航班信息进行查询操作
排序：用户根据自己的需求对查询结果进行排序筛选
订票：对用户订票需求进去处理并记录旅客预定信息和更新数据库信息退票：对用户退票需求进行处理并更新数据库
查看个人信息：用户查看自己的个人票务信息帮助：提供系统使用帮助文档
退出：关闭当前页面

2.2.2管理员界面

航班信息管理：可对航班信息进行增删改查操作旅客信息管理：可对旅客信息进行增删改查操作
财务信息管理：可以统计航空公司每周、每月，每年营业收入情况

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from .forms import PassengerInfoForm, UserForm
from .models import Flight
from .classes import IncomeMetric, Order
from django.contrib.auth.models import Permission, User
import datetime, pytz
from operator import attrgetter

ADMIN_ID = 1


# 管理员后台财务管理
# 统计航空公司每周、每月，每年营业收入情况。
def admin_finance(request):
    all_flights = Flight.objects.all()
    all_flights = sorted(all_flights, key=attrgetter('leave_time'))  # 将所有航班按照起飞时间排序

    # 将航班每天的输入打上不同的时间标签 [周，月，日]
    week_day_incomes = []
    month_day_incomes = []
    year_day_incomes = []

    # 用set存储所有的 周，月，年
    week_set = set()
    month_set = set()
    year_set = set()
    for flight in all_flights:
        if flight.income > 0:  # 只统计有收入的航班
            # 打上周标签
            this_week = flight.leave_time.strftime('%W')  # datetime获取周
            week_day_incomes.append((this_week, flight.income))  # 添加元组(week, income)
            week_set.add(this_week)
            # 打上月标签
            this_month = flight.leave_time.strftime('%m')  # datetime获取月
            month_day_incomes.append((this_month, flight.income))  # 添加元组(month, income)
            month_set.add(this_month)
            # 打上年标签
            this_year = flight.leave_time.strftime('%Y')  # datetime获取年
            year_day_incomes.append((this_year, flight.income))  # 添加元组(year, income)
            year_set.add(this_year)

    # 存储每周收入
    # 将每周的收入用 IncomeMetric 类型存储在 week_incomes List中
    week_incomes = []
    for week in week_set:
        income = sum(x[1] for x in week_day_incomes if x[0] == week)  # 同周次的income求和
        flight_sum = sum(1 for x in week_day_incomes if x[0] == week)  # 同周次的航班总数目
        week_income = IncomeMetric(week, flight_sum, income)  # 将数据存储到IncomeMetric类中，方便jinja语法
        week_incomes.append(week_income)
    week_incomes = sorted(week_incomes, key=attrgetter('metric'))  # 将List类型的 week_incomes 按周次升序排列

    # 存储每月收入
    # 将每月的收入用 IncomeMetric 类型存储在 month_incomes List中
    month_incomes = []
    for month in month_set:
        income = sum(x[1] for x in month_day_incomes if x[0] == month)
        flight_sum = sum(1 for x in month_day_incomes if x[0] == month)
        month_income = IncomeMetric(month, flight_sum, income)
        month_incomes.append(month_income)
    month_incomes = sorted(month_incomes, key=attrgetter('metric'))  # 将List类型的 month_incomes 按月份升序排列

    # 存储每年收入
    # 将每年的收入用 IncomeMetric 类型存储在 year_incomes List中
    year_incomes = []
    for year in year_set:
        income = sum(x[1] for x in year_day_incomes if x[0] == year)
        flight_sum = sum(1 for x in year_day_incomes if x[0] == year)
        year_income = IncomeMetric(year, flight_sum, income)
        year_incomes.append(year_income)
    year_incomes = sorted(year_incomes, key=attrgetter('metric'))  # 将List类型的 year_incomes 按年份升序排列

    # 存储order信息
    passengers = User.objects.exclude(pk=1)  # 去掉管理员
    order_set = set()
    for p in passengers:
        flights = Flight.objects.filter(user=p)
        for f in flights:
            route = f.leave_city + ' → ' + f.arrive_city
            order = Order(p.username, f.name, route, f.leave_time, f.price)
            order_set.add(order)

    # 信息传给前端
    context = {
        'week_incomes': week_incomes,
        'month_incomes': month_incomes,
        'year_incomes': year_incomes,
        'order_set': order_set
    }
    return context


# 显示用户订单信息
# 航班信息，退票管理
def user_info(request):
    if request.user.is_authenticated():
        # 如果用户是管理员，render公司航班收入统计信息页面 admin_finance
        if request.user.id == ADMIN_ID:
            context = admin_finance(request)  # 获取要传入前端的数据
            return render(request, 'booksystem/admin_finance.html', context)
        # 如果用户是普通用户，render用户的机票信息 user_info
        else:
            booked_flights = Flight.objects.filter(user=request.user)  # 从 booksystem_flight_user 表过滤出该用户订的航班
            context = {
                'booked_flights': booked_flights,
                'username': request.user.username,  # 导航栏信息更新
            }
            return render(request, 'booksystem/user_info.html', context)
    return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html')  # 用户如果没登录，render登录页面


# 主页
# 欢迎页面性质的订票页面
def index(request):
    return render(request, 'booksystem/index.html')


# 免除csrf
@csrf_exempt
def book_ticket(request, flight_id):
    if not request.user.is_authenticated():  # 如果没登录就render登录页面
        return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html')
    else:
        flight = Flight.objects.get(pk=flight_id)
        # 查看乘客已经订购的flights
        booked_flights = Flight.objects.filter(user=request.user)  # 返回 QuerySet

        if flight in booked_flights:
            return render(request, 'booksystem/book_conflict.html')

        # book_flight.html 点确认之后，request为 POST 方法，虽然没有传递什么值，但是传递了 POST 信号
        # 确认订票，flight数据库改变

        # 验证一下，同样的机票只能订一次
        if request.method == 'POST':
            if flight.capacity > 0:
                flight.book_sum += 1
                flight.capacity -= 1
                flight.income += flight.price
                flight.user.add(request.user)
                flight.save()  # 一定要记着save
        # 传递更改之后的票务信息
        context = {
            'flight': flight,
            'username': request.user.username
        }
        return render(request, 'booksystem/book_flight.html', context)


# 退票
def refund_ticket(request, flight_id):
    flight = Flight.objects.get(pk=flight_id)
    flight.book_sum -= 1
    flight.capacity += 1
    flight.income -= flight.price
    flight.user.remove(request.user)
    flight.save()
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/booksystem/user_info')


# 退出登录
def logout_user(request):
    logout(request)
    form = UserForm(request.POST or None)
    context = {
        "form": form,
    }
    return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html', context)


# 登录
def login_user(request):
    if request.method == "POST":
        username = request.POST.get('username', False)
        password = request.POST.get('password', False)
        user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:  # 登录成功
            if user.is_active:  # 加载订票页面
                login(request, user)
                context = {
                    'username': request.user.username
                }
                if user.id == ADMIN_ID:
                    context = admin_finance(request)  # 获取要传入前端的数据
                    return render(request, 'booksystem/admin_finance.html', context)
                else:
                    return render(request, 'booksystem/result.html', context)
            else:
                return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html', {'error_message': 'Your account has been disabled'})
        else:  # 登录失败
            return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html', {'error_message': 'Invalid login'})
    return render(request, 'booksystem/login.html')


# 注册
def register(request):
    form = UserForm(request.POST or None)
    if form.is_valid():
        user = form.save(commit=False)
        username = form.cleaned_data['username']
        password = form.cleaned_data['password']
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save()
        user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:
            if user.is_active:
                login(request, user)
                context = {
                    'username': request.user.username
                }
                return render(request, 'booksystem/result.html', context)  # 注册成功直接render result页面
    context = {
        "form": form,
    }
    return render(request, 'booksystem/register.html', context)


# 搜索结果页面
def result(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = PassengerInfoForm(request.POST)  # 绑定数据至表单
        if form.is_valid():
            passenger_lcity = form.cleaned_data.get('leave_city')
            passenger_acity = form.cleaned_data.get('arrive_city')
            passenger_ldate = form.cleaned_data.get('leave_date')
            # print(type(passenger_ldate))

            # 全设为naive比较
            # china_tz = pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai')
            # passenger_ltime = datetime.datetime(
            #     year=passenger_ldate.year,
            #     month=passenger_ldate.month,
            #     day=passenger_ldate.day,
            #     hour=0, minute=0, second=0,
            #     tzinfo=china_tz
            # )

            # 全设为aware比较
            passenger_ltime = datetime.datetime.combine(passenger_ldate, datetime.time())
            print(passenger_ltime)

            # filter 可用航班
            all_flights = Flight.objects.filter(leave_city=passenger_lcity, arrive_city=passenger_acity)
            usable_flights = []
            for flight in all_flights:  # off-set aware
                flight.leave_time = flight.leave_time.replace(tzinfo=None)  # replace方法必须要赋值。。笑哭
                if flight.leave_time.date() == passenger_ltime.date():  # 只查找当天的航班
                    usable_flights.append(flight)

            # 按不同的key排序
            usable_flights_by_ltime = sorted(usable_flights, key=attrgetter('leave_time'))  # 起飞时间从早到晚
            usable_flights_by_atime = sorted(usable_flights, key=attrgetter('arrive_time'))
            usable_flights_by_price = sorted(usable_flights, key=attrgetter('price'))  # 价格从低到高

            # 转换时间格式
            time_format = '%H:%M'
            # for flight in usable_flights_by_ltime:
            #     flight.leave_time = flight.leave_time.strftime(time_format)  # 转成了str
            #     flight.arrive_time = flight.arrive_time.strftime(time_format)
            #
            # for flight in usable_flights_by_atime:
            #     flight.leave_time = flight.leave_time.strftime(time_format)  # 转成了str
            #     flight.arrive_time = flight.arrive_time.strftime(time_format)

            # 虽然只转换了一个list，其实所有的都转换了
            for flight in usable_flights_by_price:
                flight.leave_time = flight.leave_time.strftime(time_format)  # 转成了str
                flight.arrive_time = flight.arrive_time.strftime(time_format)

            # 决定 search_head , search_failure 是否显示
            dis_search_head = 'block'
            dis_search_failure = 'none'
            if len(usable_flights_by_price) == 0:
                dis_search_head = 'none'
                dis_search_failure = 'block'
            context = {
                # 搜多框数据
                'leave_city': passenger_lcity,
                'arrive_city': passenger_acity,
                'leave_date': str(passenger_ldate),
                # 搜索结果
                'usable_flights_by_ltime': usable_flights_by_ltime,
                'usable_flights_by_atime': usable_flights_by_atime,
                'usable_flights_by_price': usable_flights_by_price,
                # 标记
                'dis_search_head': dis_search_head,
                'dis_search_failure': dis_search_failure
            }
            if request.user.is_authenticated():
                context['username'] = request.user.username
            return render(request, 'booksystem/result.html', context)  # 最前面如果加了/就变成根目录了，url错误
        else:
            return render(request, 'booksystem/index.html')  # 在index界面提交的表单无效，就保持在index界面
    else:
        context = {
            'dis_search_head': 'none',
            'dis_search_failure': 'none'
        }
    return render(request, 'booksystem/result.html', context)

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