vscode配置调用visual studio的编译和调试环境

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37429313/article/details/120588483
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45717218/article/details/121720410
1.安装 visual studio 2019, 带 windows Sdk 10。
2.安装扩展 Easy C++ Projects
3.打开命令面板(ctrl+shift+p),输入 >easy, 选择新建C++工程
  选择2019 MSVC工具集。
4.Easy自动从国外网站下载配置清单。下载失败，则使用当前目
  录下的配置好的json文件。
5.c_cpp_properties.json    配置编译环境(cl.exe)，
  launch.json              配置运行环境(cppvsdbg)，
  tasks.json               配置运行步骤，由launch.json调用
6.tasks.json 里VsDevCmd.bat配置程序运行的VS环境,使用
  Everything工具搜索位置，把完整路径加入到"args"参数里.
7."cppvsdbg"配置项使用“ms-vscode.cpptools-1.11.5-win32-x6”
  扩展里的vsdbg.exe来调试程序。
8.CleanRubbish.bat 清理编译生成的文件
 

//c_cpp_properties.json
{
  "version": 4,
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "Windows x64 vs2019",
      "includePath": [
        "${workspaceFolder}/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.28.29910/include/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.28.29910/atlmfc/include/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/VC/Auxiliary/VS/include/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/ucrt/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/um/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/shared/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/winrt/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Include/10.0.19041.0/cppwinrt/**",
        "C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/NETFXSDK/4.8/Include/um/**"
      ],
      "defines": [
          //"WIN32",
          "_DEBUG",
          "UNICODE",
          "_UNICODE"
      ],
      "windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.19041.0",
      "compilerPath": "C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.28.29910/bin/HostX64/x64/cl.exe",
      "cStandard": "c17",
      "cppStandard": "c++20",
      "intelliSenseMode": "windows-msvc-x64",
      "compilerArgs": [
        ""
      ]
    }
  ]
}

//launch.json 
{
  // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 
  // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
  // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
  "version": "2.0.0",
  "configurations": [
    {
      "name": "cl.exe - 生成和调试活动文件",
      "type": "cppvsdbg",
      "request": "launch",
      "program": "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
      "args": [],
      "stopAtEntry": false,
      "cwd": "${fileDirname}",
      "console": "integratedTerminal", //使用内置终端
      //"console": "externalTerminal",
      "preLaunchTask": "cl.exe build active file",
      "postDebugTask": "delete extra files"
    }
  ]
}

//tasks.json
{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "windows": {
      "options": {
        "shell": {
          "executable": "cmd.exe",
          "args": [
            "/C",
            // The path to VsDevCmd.bat depends on the version of Visual Studio you have installed.
            "\"C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2019/Enterprise/Common7/Tools/VsDevCmd.bat\"",
            "&&"
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "cl.exe build active file", //要跟lunch中的preLaunchTask一致
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "cl.exe", 
            "args": [
              "/GS",    //启动安全检查，可检测堆栈缓冲区溢出
              "/Od",    //禁用优化
              "/W3",    //警告等级3
              //"/MDd", //多线程动态链接Debug版本，调用库(MSVCRT.lib + MSVCR80.DLL),为默认选项
              "/MTd",   //多线程静态链接Debug版本，调用库(LIBCMT.lib)
              "/ZI",    //用于“编辑并继续”的程序数据库
              "/EHsc",  //启用C++异常
              "/Fe:",   //指定编译器创建的 .exe或 DLL 的名称和目录。
              //"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
              "${workspaceFolder}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
              "${file}"
              // https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/build/reference/compiler-options-listed-by-category?view=msvc-170
           ],
            "problemMatcher": ["$msCompile"],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        },
        {
          "type": "shell",
          "label": "delete extra files",
          "command": "${workspaceFolder}/CleanRubbish.bat"
        }
    ]
}

//CleanRubbish.bat
@echo off
set path=%fileDirname%
for /r %path% %%s in (*.exe *.ilK *.obj *.pdb) do (
    del /f /s /q "%%s"
)

8.未能完美解决的是VS的有些代码格式在编辑阶段会提示错误，但实际编译没错。