• Oracle19c安装图文教程

    一、安装前环境配置

    1.基本信息

    OSDBHostNameDB NameIP
    oracle linux 7.7Oracle 19CSTUDYwin192.168.2.98

    2.配置/etc/hosts

    [root@STUDY /]# echo '192.168.2.98 STUDY' >> /etc/hosts  

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    3.关闭防火墙和Selinux

    [root@STUDY etc]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@STUDY etc]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@STUDY etc]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

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    4.配置系统参数

    [root@STUDY etc]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

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    添加如下内容：
    kernel.shmmni=4096
    kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
    fs.file-max=6815744
    fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
    net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
    net.core.rmem_default=262144
    net.core.rmem_max=4194304
    net.core.wmem_default=262144
    net.core.wmem_max=1048576
    kernel.shmmax=53687091200
    kernel.shmall=52780232

    [root@STUDY etc]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

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    添加如下内容：
    session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
    session required pam_limits.so

    [root@STUDY etc]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

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    添加如下内容：
    oracle soft nproc 2047
    oracle hard nproc 16384
    oracle soft nofile 1024
    oracle hard nofile 65536
    oracle soft stack 10240
    oracle hard stack 32768

    说明：
    生产环境注意这两个参数，需要根据服务器的内存大小调整
    kernel.shmmax：内核共享内存段最大值
    kernel.shmall：所有内存（单位是页 4096）

    [root@STUDY etc]#sysctl -p     --使上面参数生效
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
kernel.shmmax = 53687091200
kernel.shmall = 52780232

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    5.创建用户oracle用户和组

    [root@STUDY etc]# groupadd oinstall
[root@STUDY etc]# groupadd dba
[root@STUDY etc]# groupadd oper
[root@STUDY etc]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@STUDY etc]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: The password fails the dictionary check - it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@STUDY etc]# id oracle
uid=1000(oracle) gid=1000(oinstall) groups=1000(oinstall),1001(dba),1002(oper)

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    6.创建安装目录

    [root@STUDY etc]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1
[root@STUDY etc]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
[root@STUDY etc]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app

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    7.配置yum

    [root@STUDY etc]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@STUDY etc]# vi local-oraclelinux.repo 

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    8.配置oracle 用户环境变量

    [root@STUDY etc]# su – oracle
[oraclet@STUDY ~]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

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    添加如下内容：
    umask 022
    ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1
    ORACLE_SID=win
    PATH= P A T H : PATH: PATH:HOME/.local/bin: H O M E / b i n : HOME/bin: HOME/bin:ORACLE_HOME/bin
    export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID

    [oracle@STUDY ~]$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

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    9.服务器上VNC安装与配置

    #yum -y install tigervnc-server-1.8.0-17.el7.x86_64.rpm
# vi /etc/sysconfig/vncservers

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    添加：
    VNCSERVERS=“1:root”
    VNCSERVERARGS[2]=“-geometry 800x600 -nolisten tcp -localhost”

    [root@STUDY sysconfig]#  vncserver  --启动vnc服务

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? y
Password:
Verify:
xauth:  file /root/.Xauthority does not exist

New 'STUDY:1 (root)' desktop is STUDY:1

Creating default startup script /root/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /root/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /root/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /root/.vnc/STUDY:1.log

[root@STUDY sysconfig]# service vncserver status --查看服务开启状态
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status vncserver.service
Unit vncserver.service could not be found.

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    #  vi /root/.vnc/xstartup --修改配置文件，激活图形界面

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    注释掉倒数三行，并在末尾 增加：
    gnome-session &

    [root@STUDY sysconfig]#  xhost +
xhost:  unable to open display ""
[root@STUDY sysconfig]# export DISPLAY=192.168.2.98:1.0
[root@STUDY sysconfig]#  xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[root@STUDY dbhome_1]# su - oracle
[oracle@STUDY dbhome_1]$ export LANG=en_US  --避免安装界面是中文时出现乱码

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    二、安装数据库软件

    1.数据库软件准备

    [root@STUDY etc]# mkdir /u01/app/soft
--已将数据库软件上传到/u01/app/soft 
[root@STUDY etc]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
[root@STUDY etc]$ su - oracle
[oracle@STUDY ~]$ cd /u01/app/soft
[oracle@STUDY soft]$ unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3/dbhome_1  --解压到$ORACLE_HOME目录

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    2.数据库软件安装

    [oracle@STUDY dbhome_1]$ ./runInstaller

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    安装过程记录如下：
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    [root@STUDY soft]# yum -y install libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@STUDY soft]# yum -y install smartmontools-7.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
    [root@STUDY soft]# yum -y install ksh-20120801-139.0.1.el7.x86_64.rpm

    ksh包可以忽略

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    3.创建数据库

    [oracle@STUDY ~]$ dbca
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    [oracle@STUDY dbhome_1]$ ps -ef|grep smon
oracle   109287      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_win
oracle   110364 105048  0 18:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto smon
[oracle@STUDY dbhome_1]$ ps -ef|grep ora
root     105047 104986  0 17:51 pts/0    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle   105048 105047  0 17:51 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
root     105804 105786  0 18:00 pts/1    00:00:00 su - oracle
oracle   105805 105804  0 18:00 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
oracle   105826 105805  0 18:00 pts/1    00:00:00 sqlplus   as sysdba
oracle   105827 105826  0 18:00 ?        00:00:00 oraclewin (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle   109242      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_win
oracle   109244      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_clmn_win
oracle   109246      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_win
oracle   109249      1  1 18:18 ?        00:00:07 ora_vktm_win
oracle   109253      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_win
oracle   109255      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:03 ora_mman_win
oracle   109259      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen1_win
oracle   109262      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_win
oracle   109264      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_ofsd_win
oracle   109267      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:01 ora_dbrm_win
oracle   109269      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_win
oracle   109271      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_svcb_win
oracle   109273      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_pman_win
oracle   109275      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:01 ora_dia0_win
oracle   109277      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_win
oracle   109279      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw1_win
oracle   109281      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_win
oracle   109283      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_win
oracle   109285      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_lg00_win
oracle   109287      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_win
oracle   109289      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_lg01_win
oracle   109291      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_smco_win
oracle   109293      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_win
oracle   109295      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_win
oracle   109297      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_lreg_win
oracle   109299      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w001_win
oracle   109301      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_pxmn_win
oracle   109305      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:01 ora_mmon_win
oracle   109307      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_win
oracle   109310      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_win
oracle   109312      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_win
oracle   109314      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_tmon_win
oracle   109319      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_m000_win
oracle   109321      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:02 ora_m001_win
oracle   109327      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt00_win
oracle   109329      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt01_win
oracle   109331      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt02_win
oracle   109336      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_aqpc_win
oracle   109340      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p000_win
oracle   109342      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p001_win
oracle   109344      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p002_win
oracle   109346      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p003_win
oracle   109348      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p004_win
oracle   109350      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p005_win
oracle   109352      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p006_win
oracle   109354      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p007_win
oracle   109356      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p008_win
oracle   109358      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p009_win
oracle   109360      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00a_win
oracle   109362      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00b_win
oracle   109364      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00c_win
oracle   109366      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00d_win
oracle   109368      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00e_win
oracle   109370      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00f_win
oracle   109372      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00g_win
oracle   109374      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00h_win
oracle   109376      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00i_win
oracle   109378      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w002_win
oracle   109380      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00j_win
oracle   109382      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:02 ora_cjq0_win
oracle   109384      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00k_win
oracle   109388      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00l_win
oracle   109390      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00m_win
oracle   109392      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00n_win
oracle   109394      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00o_win
oracle   109396      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00p_win
oracle   109398      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00q_win
oracle   109400      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00r_win
oracle   109402      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00s_win
oracle   109404      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00t_win
oracle   109406      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00u_win
oracle   109408      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_p00v_win
oracle   109638      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_m002_win
oracle   109662      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w003_win
oracle   109695      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_w004_win
oracle   109697      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_qm02_win
oracle   109701      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_q002_win
oracle   109703      1  0 18:18 ?        00:00:00 ora_q003_win
oracle   109771      1  0 18:19 ?        00:00:00 ora_w005_win
oracle   109797      1  0 18:19 ?        00:00:00 ora_w006_win
oracle   109908      1  0 18:21 ?        00:00:00 ora_m003_win
oracle   110277      1  0 18:28 ?        00:00:00 ora_m004_win
oracle   110283      1  0 18:28 ?        00:00:00 ora_w007_win
oracle   110287      1  0 18:28 ?        00:00:00 ora_w008_win
oracle   110292      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w009_win
oracle   110299      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00a_win
oracle   110304      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00b_win
oracle   110308      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00c_win
oracle   110313      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00d_win
oracle   110317      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00e_win
oracle   110321      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00f_win
oracle   110326      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00g_win
oracle   110330      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00h_win
oracle   110335      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00i_win
oracle   110339      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00j_win
oracle   110344      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00k_win
oracle   110348      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00l_win
oracle   110353      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00m_win
oracle   110357      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00n_win
oracle   110362      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00o_win
oracle   110368      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00p_win
oracle   110372      1  0 18:29 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00q_win
oracle   110376 105048  0 18:29 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle   110377 105048  0 18:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora

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    [oracle@STUDY dbhome_1]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Jul 27 18:30:09 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
SQL> show pdbs

    CON_ID CON_NAME                       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
         2 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY  NO
         3 OCP                            READ WRITE NO

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

NAME      OPEN_MODE
--------- --------------------
WIN       READ WRITE

SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"

SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> alter session set container=ocp;

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OCP

SQL> alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Session altered.

SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME') FROM dual;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

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    --新建用户
SQL> alter session set container=ocp;

Session altered.

SQL> create user rui identified by rui;

User created.

SQL> grant dba to rui;

Grant succeeded.

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    基础命令

    –查看当前数据库
    SQL> select name,open_mode from v$database;

    –查看PDB信息
    col pdb_name format a20
    col status format a20
    select pdb_id,pdb_name,dbid,status,creation_scn from dba_pdbs;
    或者 show pdbs

    –查看当前环境
    SELECT SYS_CONTEXT(‘USERENV’,‘CON_NAME’) FROM dual;

    –容器切换
    alter session set container=weisipdb;
    alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

    –完全卸载oracle
    rm -f /etc/oratab
    rm -f /etc/oraInst.loc
    rm -rf $ORACLE_BASE
    rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory

    参考视频：
    https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV17r4y1m7fh/?spm_id_from=333.788&vd_source=7136aeca6f3fea14755a76ed47e74308

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Ruishine/article/details/126103248