在之前的博客中对ALOAM的前端和后端做了代码详细的梳理
这里先对前几篇后端的内容做一个总结
本篇为ALOAM后端的最终篇,地图更新及消息发布。
地图更新原因:
for (int i = 0; i < laserCloudCornerStackNum; i++)
{
遍历角点
pointAssociateToMap(&laserCloudCornerStack->points[i], &pointSel);
将该点转到地图坐标系下
int cubeI = int((pointSel.x + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenWidth;
int cubeJ = int((pointSel.y + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenHeight;
int cubeK = int((pointSel.z + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenDepth;
//负数的四舍五入
if (pointSel.x + 25.0 < 0)
cubeI--;
if (pointSel.y + 25.0 < 0)
cubeJ--;
if (pointSel.z + 25.0 < 0)
cubeK--;
计算该点的栅格索引
if (cubeI >= 0 && cubeI < laserCloudWidth &&
cubeJ >= 0 && cubeJ < laserCloudHeight &&
cubeK >= 0 && cubeK < laserCloudDepth)
{
判断索引满足条件后
int cubeInd = cubeI + laserCloudWidth * cubeJ + laserCloudWidth * laserCloudHeight * cubeK;
根据 xyz 的索引计算一维数组中的索引
laserCloudCornerArray[cubeInd]->push_back(pointSel);
将该点加入 角点的 地图 对应的栅格索引 的 数组中
for (int i = 0; i < laserCloudSurfStackNum; i++)
{
pointAssociateToMap(&laserCloudSurfStack->points[i], &pointSel);
int cubeI = int((pointSel.x + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenWidth;
int cubeJ = int((pointSel.y + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenHeight;
int cubeK = int((pointSel.z + 25.0) / 50.0) + laserCloudCenDepth;
if (pointSel.x + 25.0 < 0)
cubeI--;
if (pointSel.y + 25.0 < 0)
cubeJ--;
if (pointSel.z + 25.0 < 0)
cubeK--;
if (cubeI >= 0 && cubeI < laserCloudWidth &&
cubeJ >= 0 && cubeJ < laserCloudHeight &&
cubeK >= 0 && cubeK < laserCloudDepth)
{
int cubeInd = cubeI + laserCloudWidth * cubeJ + laserCloudWidth * laserCloudHeight * cubeK;
laserCloudSurfArray[cubeInd]->push_back(pointSel);
}
}
对于面点也是同样的操作
printf("add points time %f ms\n", t_add.toc());
终端输出 添加点的时间
下面要做的是把 当前帧涉及到的局部地图的栅格做一个下采样
for (int i = 0; i < laserCloudValidNum; i++)
{
int ind = laserCloudValidInd[i];//栅格索引
// 对该栅格索引内的角点点云进行 体素 滤波
pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr tmpCorner(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
downSizeFilterCorner.setInputCloud(laserCloudCornerArray[ind]);
downSizeFilterCorner.filter(*tmpCorner);
laserCloudCornerArray[ind] = tmpCorner;
// 对该栅格索引内的面点点云进行 体素 滤波
pcl::PointCloud<PointType>::Ptr tmpSurf(new pcl::PointCloud<PointType>());
downSizeFilterSurf.setInputCloud(laserCloudSurfArray[ind]);
downSizeFilterSurf.filter(*tmpSurf);
laserCloudSurfArray[ind] = tmpSurf;
}
遍历当前帧涉及的栅格个数
laserCloudValidNum 就是当前帧涉及的栅格个数,在上面通过取局部地图栅格的时候在for循环里做的累加
局部地图的选取规则就是通过判断当前帧位置的索引,然后在I和J方向前后取2个,K方向前后1个

当前帧所在栅格和局部地图,局部地图为了方便看在J方向上前后取了1个,实际为2个
因为当前帧大概率会落在这几个栅格中,所以仅对这几个栅格做滤波处理即可,在这几个栅格之外的点是很稀疏的,可以不处理,这样提高计算效率
printf("filter time %f ms \n", t_filter.toc());//终端输出滤波时间
终端输出滤波时间
至此完成了整体的地图更新
下面要做的就是点云地图的发布
局部地图每隔5帧进行要给发布
//后端每处理5帧发布一个
if (frameCount % 5 == 0)
{
laserCloudSurround->clear();//局部地图清空
for (int i = 0; i < laserCloudSurroundNum; i++)
{
int ind = laserCloudSurroundInd[i];
//把 局部地图 角点和面点 都加入局部地图中
*laserCloudSurround += *laserCloudCornerArray[ind];
*laserCloudSurround += *laserCloudSurfArray[ind];
}
// 转成ROS的格式发布
sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 laserCloudSurround3;
pcl::toROSMsg(*laserCloudSurround, laserCloudSurround3);
laserCloudSurround3.header.stamp = ros::Time().fromSec(timeLaserOdometry);
laserCloudSurround3.header.frame_id = "/camera_init";
pubLaserCloudSurround.publish(laserCloudSurround3);
}
局部地图清空
把 局部地图 角点和面点 都加入局部地图中
转成ROS的格式发布
//每隔 20帧 发布全量地图
if (frameCount % 20 == 0)
{
pcl::PointCloud<PointType> laserCloudMap;
// 21*21*11
for (int i = 0; i < 4851; i++)
{
laserCloudMap += *laserCloudCornerArray[i];
laserCloudMap += *laserCloudSurfArray[i];
}
sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 laserCloudMsg;
pcl::toROSMsg(laserCloudMap, laserCloudMsg);
laserCloudMsg.header.stamp = ros::Time().fromSec(timeLaserOdometry);
laserCloudMsg.header.frame_id = "/camera_init";
pubLaserCloudMap.publish(laserCloudMsg);
}
每隔 20帧 发布全量地图
//当前帧发布
int laserCloudFullResNum = laserCloudFullRes->points.size();
for (int i = 0; i < laserCloudFullResNum; i++)
{
pointAssociateToMap(&laserCloudFullRes->points[i], &laserCloudFullRes->points[i]);
}
sensor_msgs::PointCloud2 laserCloudFullRes3;
pcl::toROSMsg(*laserCloudFullRes, laserCloudFullRes3);
laserCloudFullRes3.header.stamp = ros::Time().fromSec(timeLaserOdometry);
laserCloudFullRes3.header.frame_id = "/camera_init";
pubLaserCloudFullRes.publish(laserCloudFullRes3);
当前帧转到地图坐标系后发布
nav_msgs::Odometry odomAftMapped;
odomAftMapped.header.frame_id = "/camera_init";
odomAftMapped.child_frame_id = "/aft_mapped";
odomAftMapped.header.stamp = ros::Time().fromSec(timeLaserOdometry);
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.orientation.x = q_w_curr.x();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.orientation.y = q_w_curr.y();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.orientation.z = q_w_curr.z();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.orientation.w = q_w_curr.w();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.position.x = t_w_curr.x();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.position.y = t_w_curr.y();
odomAftMapped.pose.pose.position.z = t_w_curr.z();
pubOdomAftMapped.publish(odomAftMapped);
建图后里程计的发布
geometry_msgs::PoseStamped laserAfterMappedPose;
laserAfterMappedPose.header = odomAftMapped.header;
laserAfterMappedPose.pose = odomAftMapped.pose.pose;
laserAfterMappedPath.header.stamp = odomAftMapped.header.stamp;
laserAfterMappedPath.header.frame_id = "/camera_init";
laserAfterMappedPath.poses.push_back(laserAfterMappedPose);
pubLaserAfterMappedPath.publish(laserAfterMappedPath);
建图后path的发布
static tf::TransformBroadcaster br;
tf::Transform transform;
tf::Quaternion q;
transform.setOrigin(tf::Vector3(t_w_curr(0),
t_w_curr(1),
t_w_curr(2)));
q.setW(q_w_curr.w());
q.setX(q_w_curr.x());
q.setY(q_w_curr.y());
q.setZ(q_w_curr.z());
transform.setRotation(q);
br.sendTransform(tf::StampedTransform(transform, odomAftMapped.header.stamp, "/camera_init", "/aft_mapped"));
建图后tf的发布
这时候可以根据main函数里面的advertise进行一个总结
pubLaserCloudSurround = nh.advertise<sensor_msgs::PointCloud2>("/laser_cloud_surround", 100);
pubLaserCloudMap = nh.advertise<sensor_msgs::PointCloud2>("/laser_cloud_map", 100);
pubOdomAftMapped = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Odometry>("/aft_mapped_to_init", 100);
pubOdomAftMappedHighFrec = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Odometry>("/aft_mapped_to_init_high_frec", 100);
pubLaserAfterMappedPath = nh.advertise<nav_msgs::Path>("/aft_mapped_path", 100);
通过在以往博客中搭建的仿真场景,进行相关消息的可视化

gazebo场景


频率为 大约 2hz

整体栅格地图

频率大约为 0.5hz 也就是2s更新一次

当前帧转到地图坐标系的