了解

• core dump ：内核转储，dump，进程当前云心的信息的导出。
• 进程对应着操作系统，程序放内存中，分配堆栈空间、进程空间。dump对这些信息导出，至少包括堆栈信息、寄存器信息。
• dump文件用winDbg文件打开，vs其实也可以。
• dump文件：后缀.dmp，程序崩溃时，内存转储文件
• pdb文件：后缀.pdb，程序的符号文件
• 开源的有Breakpad，C++崩溃检测库，捕获发布给用户的应用程序的崩溃，并记录软件崩溃的调试信息到minidump中，生成.dmp文件，崩溃记录文件格式是二进制，体积小。
• qBreakPad（用qt封装过的）
• CreateFile()函数

CreateFile(文件名,访问模式,共享模式,指向安全属性行号（NULL）,如何创建,文件属性,用于复制文件句柄)
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代码

MiniDumper.h

#ifndef MINIDUMP_H
#define MINIDUMP_H
#include 
#include 
// based on dbghelp.h
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *MINIDUMPWRITEDUMP)(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwPid, HANDLE hFile, MINIDUMP_TYPE DumpType,
                                         CONST PMINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam,
                                         CONST PMINIDUMP_USER_STREAM_INFORMATION UserStreamParam,
                                         CONST PMINIDUMP_CALLBACK_INFORMATION CallbackParam
                                         );
#define MAX_WARNING_MESSAGE_PATH 1024
class MiniDumper
{
private:
    static LPCWSTR m_szAppName;
    static LPWSTR m_szAppVersion;
    static LPWSTR m_szAppBuildNumber;
 
    static WCHAR m_szMessageText[MAX_WARNING_MESSAGE_PATH];
 
    static LPWSTR m_szDumpFilePath;
 
    static LONG WINAPI TopLevelFilter( struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *pExceptionInfo );
 
public:
    MiniDumper( );
    ~MiniDumper();
    static void SetVersion(LPCWSTR szVersion);
    static void SetBuildNumber(LPCWSTR szBuildNumber);
    static void SetDumpFilePath(LPCWSTR szFilePath);
    static int SetWarningMessage(LPCWSTR szMessageText)
    {
        if(szMessageText)
        {
            int iLen = wcslen(szMessageText);
            if(iLen < MAX_WARNING_MESSAGE_PATH - MAX_PATH)
            {
                wcscpy(m_szMessageText,szMessageText);
                return 0;
            }
        }
        return 1;
    }
};
 
 
#endif
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MiniDumper.cpp

#include 
#include "MiniDumper.h"
#include 
 
LPCWSTR MiniDumper::m_szAppName;
 
LPWSTR MiniDumper::m_szAppVersion;
 
LPWSTR MiniDumper::m_szAppBuildNumber;
 
WCHAR MiniDumper::m_szMessageText[MAX_WARNING_MESSAGE_PATH];
 
LPWSTR MiniDumper::m_szDumpFilePath;
 
#define DEFAULT_ENGLISH_MESSAGE_TEXT L"%s experienced an unknown error and had to exit. \nHowever, some error information has been saved in %s. \nPlease, email this file to  if you would like to help us debug the problem."
 
#define MAX_DUMP_FILE_NUMBER 9999
 
 
//static int DUMP_TYPE_MINI = MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules;
 
//static int DUMP_TYPE_MIDD = MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules | MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory;
 
static int DUMP_TYPE_FULL = MiniDumpNormal | MiniDumpWithFullMemory | MiniDumpWithDataSegs | MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory | MiniDumpWithHandleData | MiniDumpWithUnloadedModules | MiniDumpWithProcessThreadData;
 
//static int DUMP_TYPE_FULL = MiniDumpNormal;
//默认值是只有 MiniDumpNormal 文件比较小
//如果把所有的选项都加上， 文件很大， 本机调试也没关系
 
 
MiniDumper::MiniDumper()
{
    // if this assert fires then you have two instances of MiniDumper
    // which is not allowed
    Q_ASSERT( m_szAppName==NULL );
 
    m_szAppName = wcsdup(L"iLadarDataCollect");
    m_szAppVersion = wcsdup( L"CrashDump");
    m_szAppBuildNumber = wcsdup( L"0000");
 
    wcscpy(m_szMessageText,DEFAULT_ENGLISH_MESSAGE_TEXT);
 
 
    m_szDumpFilePath = NULL;
    ::SetUnhandledExceptionFilter( TopLevelFilter );
}
 
MiniDumper::~MiniDumper()
{
}
 
void MiniDumper::SetVersion(LPCWSTR szVersion)
{
    if(szVersion)
    {
        free(m_szAppVersion);
        m_szAppVersion = wcsdup(szVersion);
    }
}
 
void MiniDumper::SetBuildNumber(LPCWSTR szBuildNumber)
{
    if(szBuildNumber)
    {
        free(m_szAppBuildNumber);
        m_szAppBuildNumber = wcsdup(szBuildNumber);
    }
}
 
void MiniDumper::SetDumpFilePath(LPCWSTR szFilePath)
{
    free(m_szDumpFilePath);
    m_szDumpFilePath = NULL;
    if(szFilePath != NULL)
    {
        m_szDumpFilePath = wcsdup(szFilePath);
    }
}
 
LONG MiniDumper::TopLevelFilter( struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *pExceptionInfo )
{
 
    LONG retval = EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
    HWND hParent = NULL; // find a better value for your app
 
    // firstly see if dbghelp.dll is around and has the function we need
    // look next to the EXE first, as the one in System32 might be old
    // (e.g. Windows 2000)
    HMODULE hDll = NULL;
    WCHAR szDbgHelpPath[_MAX_PATH];
 
    if (GetModuleFileName( NULL, szDbgHelpPath, _MAX_PATH ))
    {
        WCHAR *pSlash = wcsrchr( szDbgHelpPath, L'\\');
        if (pSlash)
        {
            wcscpy( pSlash+1, L"DBGHELP.DLL" );
            hDll = ::LoadLibrary( szDbgHelpPath );
 
        }
 
        if (hDll==NULL)
        {
            // load any version we can
            hDll = ::LoadLibrary( L"DBGHELP.DLL");
        }
 
        LPCWSTR szResult = NULL;
 
        if (hDll)
        {
            MINIDUMPWRITEDUMP pDump = (MINIDUMPWRITEDUMP)::GetProcAddress( hDll, "MiniDumpWriteDump" );
            if (pDump)
            {
                WCHAR szDumpPath[_MAX_PATH];
                WCHAR szDumpRootPath[_MAX_PATH];
                WCHAR szScratch[_MAX_PATH];
 
                // work out a good place for the dump file
 
                if(m_szDumpFilePath == NULL)
                {
                    if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szDbgHelpPath, _MAX_PATH))
                    {
                        WCHAR *pSlash = wcsrchr(szDbgHelpPath, L'\\');
                        if (pSlash)
                        {
                            wcscpy(pSlash + 1, L"");
                            wcscpy(szDumpPath, szDbgHelpPath);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (!GetTempPath( _MAX_PATH, szDumpPath ))
                        wcscpy( szDumpPath, L"c:\\temp\\" );
                }
                else
                {
                    wcscpy( szDumpPath, m_szDumpFilePath );
                }
                wcscpy( szDumpRootPath, szDumpPath);
 
                //PrintDebug(L"[MiniDumper] Mini Dump file:[%s]",szDumpPath);
 
                // ask the user if they want to save a dump file
                //if (::MessageBox( NULL, _T("Something bad happened in your program, would you like to save a diagnostic file?"), m_szAppName, MB_YESNO )==IDYES)
                {
                    HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
                    int i = 1;
                    WCHAR szFileNumber[_MAX_PATH];
                    while(hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
                    {
                        swprintf(szFileNumber, sizeof(szFileNumber), L"_%04d",i);
                        wcscpy( szDumpPath, szDumpRootPath);
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, m_szAppName );
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, L"_" );
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, m_szAppVersion);
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, L"_" );
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, m_szAppBuildNumber);
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, szFileNumber);
                        wcscat( szDumpPath, L".dmp" );
                        hFile = CreateFile( szDumpPath, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, CREATE_NEW,
                                            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
                        i++;
                        if(i > MAX_DUMP_FILE_NUMBER)
                        {
                            hFile = CreateFile( szDumpPath, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, CREATE_ALWAYS,
                                                FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL );
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    // create the file
 
                    if (hFile!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
                    {
                        _MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExInfo;
 
                        ExInfo.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
                        ExInfo.ExceptionPointers = pExceptionInfo;
                        ExInfo.ClientPointers = NULL;
 
                        // write the dump
                        BOOL bOK = pDump( GetCurrentProcess(), GetCurrentProcessId(), hFile, (MINIDUMP_TYPE)DUMP_TYPE_FULL, &ExInfo, NULL, NULL );
                        if (bOK)
                        {
                            swprintf( szScratch, sizeof(szScratch), L"Saved dump file to '%s'", szDumpPath );
                            szResult = szScratch;
                            retval = EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            swprintf( szScratch, sizeof(szScratch),L"Failed to save dump file to '%s' (error %d)", szDumpPath, GetLastError() );
                            szResult = szScratch;
                        }
                        CloseHandle(hFile);
 
                        WCHAR csOutMessage[MAX_WARNING_MESSAGE_PATH];
                        swprintf(csOutMessage, sizeof(csOutMessage), m_szMessageText, m_szAppName, szDumpPath);
 
                        //PrintError(_T("%s"), csOutMessage);
                        //MessageBoxW( NULL, csOutMessage, m_szAppName , MB_OK );
                        qDebug() << "Dump Crash file ...";
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        swprintf( szScratch, sizeof(szScratch),L"Failed to create dump file '%s' (error %d)", szDumpPath, GetLastError() );
                        szResult = szScratch;
                    }
                }
 
            }
            else
            {
                szResult = L"DBGHELP.DLL too old";
            }
        }
        else
        {
            szResult = L"DBGHELP.DLL not found";
        }
 
        if (szResult)
        {
            //PrintDebug(_T("[MiniDumper] Mini Dump result:[%s]"),szResult);
        }
 
        return retval;
    }
}
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main.cpp

#include "MiniDumper.h"  //头文件
MiniDumper dump;  //main里加
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错误程序（验证）

验证是否生成，可以将下面代码放在任意位置。
会报错：“线程试图读取或写入虚拟地址对于其不具有适应的访问。”

    char *p=NULL;
    *p=1;
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