也叫Stream流,是Jdk8开始新增的一套API (java.util.stream.*),可以用于操作集合或者数组的数据。
Stream流大量的结合了Lambda的语法风格来编程,提供了一种更加强大,更加简单的方式操作
- public class Demo1 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List
list = new ArrayList<>(); - list.add("张无忌");
- list.add("周芷若");
- list.add("赵敏");
- list.add("张强");
- list.add("张三丰");
-
- //需求:把集合中所有以"张"开头,且是3个字的元素存储到一个新的集合。
-
- //实现2: 使用Stream流方式实现
-
- List
list1 = list.stream().filter(name -> name.startsWith("张") ). - filter(name -> name.length() == 3).collect(Collectors.toList());
- System.out.println(list1);
- }
- }
1. 2. 3.

如何获取Stream流:
Collection集合:
单列集合都支持一个stream()方法,它可以直接获取集合的Stream流
数组:
Arrays.stream(数组)
零散数据:
Stream.of(T... values)
Map
双列集合并没有提供直接获取Stream流的方法,他需要间接获取
- public class Demo2 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //"玄奘", "悟空", "悟能", "悟净"
-
- List
list = List.of("玄奘", "悟空", "悟能", "悟净"); - //Collection集合: 单列集合都支持一个stream()方法,它可以直接获取集合的Stream流
-
- list.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
-
- //数组:Arrays.stream(数组)
- System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
- String[] arr = {"玄奘", "悟空", "悟能", "悟净"};
-
- Arrays.stream(arr).forEach(System.out::println);
- //零散数据:Stream.of(T... values)
-
- System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
- Stream.of("玄奘", "悟空", "悟能", "悟净").forEach(System.out::println);
- //Map:双列集合并没有提供直接获取Stream流的方法,他需要间接获取
-
- System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
- Map
map = new HashMap<>(); - map.put("001","玄奘");
- map.put("002","悟空");
- map.put("003","悟能");
- map.put("004","悟净");
-
-
- //返回一个Set集合
- map.keySet().stream().forEach(System.out::println);
- map.values().stream().forEach(System.out::println);
- System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
- //这是一个整体EntrySetkeyvalue -> e
- map.entrySet().stream().forEach(e -> System.out.println(e.getValue() + e.getKey()));
-
- }
- }
- public class Demo3 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List
list = List.of(61, 57, 66, 77, 88, 44, 100, 89, 97, 47, 70); - //需求1: 找出所有及格的分数,并打印
- System.out.println("=================");
-
- list.stream()
- .filter(e -> e > 60)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
- //需求2: 找出所有及格的分数, 正序排列, 打印输出
- System.out.println("=================");
-
- list.stream()
- .filter(e -> e > 60)
- .sorted((o1, o2) -> o1 - o2)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
- //需求3: 找出所有及格的分数, 倒序排列, 打印输出
- System.out.println("=================");
- list.stream()
- .filter(e -> e > 60)
- .sorted((o1, o2) -> o2 - o1)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
- //需求4: 找出所有及格的分数, 倒序排列, 取前3名, 打印输出
- System.out.println("=================");
-
- list.stream().filter(e -> e > 60)
- .sorted((o1, o2) -> o2 - o1)
- .limit(3)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
-
- //需求5: 找出所有及格的分数, 倒序排列, 取前4-6名, 打印输出
- System.out.println("=================");
-
-
- list.stream().filter(e -> e > 60)
- .sorted((o1, o2) -> o2 - o1)
- .skip(3)
- .limit(3)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
- //需求6: 找出所有及格的分数, 倒序排列, 取前4-6名, 将每个人的分数加10分, 打印输出
- System.out.println("=================");
-
- list.stream().filter(e -> e > 60)
- .sorted((o1, o2) -> o2 - o1)
- .skip(3)
- .limit(3)
- .map(e -> e + 10)
- .forEach(System.out::println);
-
- //需求7: 将下面两个集合中的元素进行合并去重
- System.out.println("=================");
- List
list1 = List.of("1","2","3","4"); - List
list2 = List.of("1","5","7","4"); - Stream.concat(list1.stream(),list2.stream())
- .distinct()
- .forEach(System.out::println);
-
-
- }
- }
调用完成后,不会返回新Stream了,没法继续使用流了。
- public class Demo4 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List
list = List.of( - new Student("玄奘", 60, 165.5),
- new Student("悟空", 50, 175.5),
- new Student("悟能", 55, 145.5),
- new Student("悟净", 40, 185.5)
- );
-
- //1. 打印出集合中所有元素
-
- list.stream().forEach(System.out::println);
- //2. 统计出身高不足170的人数
-
- Stream
stream = list.stream().filter(e -> e.getHeight() < 170); - long count = stream.count();
- System.out.println(count);
- //3. 请找出年龄最大的对象, 并输出(了解)
-
- Student student = list.stream()
- .max((o1, o2) -> o1.getAge() - o2.getAge())
- .get();
- System.out.println(student);
- //4. 请找出身高最低的对象, 并输出(了解)
-
- Student student2 = list.stream()
- .min((o1, o2) -> Double.compare(o1.getHeight(),o2.getHeight()))
- .get();
- System.out.println(student2);
- }
- }
-
- class Student {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private double height;
-
- public Student() {
- }
-
- public Student(String name, int age, double height) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.height = height;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public double getHeight() {
- return height;
- }
-
- public void setHeight(double height) {
- this.height = height;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Student{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- ", height=" + height +
- '}';
- }
- }
- public class Demo5 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- List
list = List.of( - new Teacher("玄奘", 60, 165.5),
- new Teacher("悟空", 50, 175.5),
- new Teacher("悟空", 50, 175.5),
- new Teacher("悟能", 55, 145.5),
- new Teacher("悟净", 40, 185.5));
-
- //1. 请找出身高超过170的教师, 并放到一个新数组中
-
- Object[] objects = list.stream()
- .filter(e -> e.getHeight() > 170)
- .toArray();
- System.out.println(Arrays.toString(objects));
-
- Teacher[] teacher = list.stream()
- .filter(e -> e.getHeight() > 170)
- //len代表元素中的个数
- .toArray(len -> new Teacher[len]);
- System.out.println(Arrays.toString(teacher));
- //2. 请找出身高超过170的教师, 并放到一个新List集合中
-
- List
list1 = list.stream() - .filter(e -> e.getHeight() > 170)
- .collect(Collectors.toList());
- System.out.println(list1);
- //3. 请找出身高超过170的教师, 并放到一个新Set集合中
- Set
list2 = list.stream() - .filter(e -> e.getHeight() > 170)
- .collect(Collectors.toSet());
- System.out.println(list2);
- //4. 请找出所有的教师的姓名和身高, 放到一个新Map集合中
-
- Map
map = list.stream() - .distinct()
- .collect(Collectors.toMap(e -> e.getName(), e-> e.getHeight()));
- System.out.println(map);
- }
- }
-
- class Teacher {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private double height;
-
- public Teacher() {
- }
-
- public Teacher(String name, int age, double height) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- this.height = height;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public double getHeight() {
- return height;
- }
-
- public void setHeight(double height) {
- this.height = height;
- }
-
- @Override
- public boolean equals(Object o) {
- if (this == o) return true;
- if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
- Teacher teacher = (Teacher) o;
- return age == teacher.age && Double.compare(teacher.height, height) == 0 && Objects.equals(name, teacher.name);
- }
-
- @Override
- public int hashCode() {
- return Objects.hash(name, age, height);
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Teacher{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- ", height=" + height +
- '}';
- }
- }
1.Map集合称为双列集合,一次需要存一对数据做为一个元素, 格式:{key1=value1 , key2=value2 , key3=value3 , ...}
2.Map集合的所有键是不允许重复的,但值可以重复,键和值是一一对应的,每一个键只能找到自己对应的值
1.HashMap: 无序,不重复
2.LinkedHashMap: 有序,不重复
3.TreeMap:排序,不重复
- public class Demo2 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //1. 创建map
- HashMap
map = new HashMap<>(); - map.put("001", "玄奘");
- map.put("002", "悟空");
- map.put("003", "悟能");
- map.put("004", "悟净");
-
- //2. 各种方式进行遍历
- test1(map);
- System.out.println("=================");
- test2(map);
- System.out.println("=================");
- test3(map);
- }
-
- //遍历方式1: 先获取Map集合全部的键,再通过遍历键来找值
- private static void test1(HashMap
map) { -
- Set
set = map.keySet(); - for (String s : set) {
- System.out.println(s + map.get(s));
- }
- }
-
- //遍历方式2: 将map中的所有键值对放入一个set集合中, 然后遍历set集合拿到每个键值对, 再取里面的键值
- private static void test2(HashMap
map) { -
- Set
> entries = map.entrySet(); -
- for (Map.Entry
entry : entries) { - System.out.println(entry.getKey() + entry.getValue());
- }
- }
-
- //遍历方式3: Lambda, 使用foreach(BiConsumer bc)
- private static void test3(HashMap
map) { -
- map.forEach((k,v) -> System.out.println(k+v));
- }
- }
现有字符串数组如下: String[] bookArr = {"《红楼梦》-曹雪芹","《西游记》-吴承恩","《三国演义》-罗贯中","《水浒传》-施耐庵"}; 需求: 请将字符串中的书名提取为Map集合的键,将作者提取为Map集合的值 并使用三种不同方式,遍历Map集合打印键值对元素内容
- public class Demo3 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- Map
map = new HashMap<>(); - String[] bookArr = {"《红楼梦》-曹雪芹","《西游记》-吴承恩","《三国演义》-罗贯中","《水浒传》-施耐庵"};
- for (String book : bookArr) {
-
- String[] split = book.split("-");
- map.put(split[0],split[1] );
- }
-
- System.out.println(map);
-
- Set
set = map.keySet(); - for (String key : set) {
-
- System.out.println(key + map.get(key));
-
- }
- System.out.println("----------------------------");
- Set
> entries = map.entrySet(); - for (Map.Entry
entry : entries) { - System.out.println(entry.getKey()+entry.getValue());
- }
- System.out.println("----------------------------");
- map.forEach((key , value) -> System.out.println(key+value));
-
-
- }
- }
底层数据结构依然是基于哈希表实现的,只是每个键值对元素又额外的多了一个双链表的机制记录元素顺序(保证有序)。
- public class Demo6 {
- private String put;
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- //创建集合
- Map
map = new TreeMap<>((o1, o2) -> o1.getAge() - o2.getAge()); - map.put(new Teacher("张三", 21), "河北");
- map.put(new Teacher("李四", 20), "山东");
- map.put(new Teacher("王五", 19), "山西");
- map.put(new Teacher("赵六", 21), "河南");
-
- map.forEach((k, v) -> {
- System.out.println(k + "-----" + v);
- });
- }
- }
-
- class Teacher {
- private String name;
- private int age;
-
- public Teacher() {
- }
-
- public Teacher(String name, int age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Teacher{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- '}';
- }
- }
集合嵌套
要求在程序中记住如下省份和其对应的城市信息,记录成功后,要求可以查询出湖北省的城市信息。
数据
江苏省 = "南京市","扬州市","苏州市","无锡市","常州市"
湖北省 = "武汉市","孝感市","十堰市","宜昌市","鄂州市"
河北省 = "石家庄市","唐山市","邢台市","保定市","张家口市"
分析:
定义一个Map集合,键用表示省份名称,值表示城市名称,注意:城市会有多个。 Map>
根据“湖北省”这个键获取对应的值展示即可。
- public class Demo7 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- Map
> map = new HashMap<>(); -
- List
list = List.of("南京市","扬州市","苏州市","无锡市","常州市"); - List
list2 = List.of("石家庄市","唐山市","邢台市","保定市","张家口市"); - map.put("江苏省",list);
- map.put("河北省",list2);
-
- System.out.println(map);
-
- }
- }
可变参数
就是一种特殊形参,定义在方法、构造器的形参列表里,格式是:数据类型... 参数名称
优点
特点:可以不传数据给它;可以传一个或者同时传多个数据给它;也可以传一个数组给它。
好处:常常用来灵活的接收数据。
注意事项
1. 可变参数在方法内部就是一个数组
2. 一个形参列表中可变参数只能有一个
3. 可变参数必须放在形参列表的最后面
- public class Demo {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- sum(1546);
-
- }
-
- //计算2个整数的和
-
- //计算3个整数的和
-
- //计算4个整数的和
-
- //计算n个整数的和
-
- public static void sum(int... a){
-
- for (int i : a) {
- System.out.println(i);
- }
- }
- }
- public class Demo {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- List
list = new ArrayList<>(); - //static
boolean addAll(单列集合,可变参数) 批量添加元素 - Collections.addAll(list,1,2,100,3,45);
- System.out.println(list);
- //static void shuffle(List集合) 打乱List集合元素顺序,每次调用都会打乱
-
- Collections.shuffle(list);
- System.out.println(list);
- //static
void sort(List集合) List集合进行自然排序 -
- Collections.sort(list);
- System.out.println(list);
- //排自定义类对象,需要指定排序规则
- List
stuList = new ArrayList<>(); - stuList.add(new Student("zhangsan", 18));
- stuList.add(new Student("wangwu", 22));
- stuList.add(new Student("zhaoliu", 21));
- stuList.add(new Student("lisi", 19));
- stuList.add(new Student("qianqi", 20));
-
- //static
void sort(List集合,比较器);List集合进行比较器排序 -
- Collections.sort(stuList,(o1, o2) -> o1.getAge() - o2.getAge());
- System.out.println(stuList);
- }
- }
-
-
- class Student {
- private String name;
- private int age;
-
- public Student() {
- }
-
- public Student(String name, int age) {
- this.name = name;
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- public String getName() {
- return name;
- }
-
- public void setName(String name) {
- this.name = name;
- }
-
- public int getAge() {
- return age;
- }
-
- public void setAge(int age) {
- this.age = age;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String toString() {
- return "Student{" +
- "name='" + name + '\'' +
- ", age=" + age +
- '}';
- }
- }