• C++ 多态：Package继承层次

    【问题描述】

    • 使用在上篇创建的Package类继承层次结构，创建一个用于显示若干Package的地址信息并计算其运输费用的程序。
    • 程序应该包含一个Package指针的vector 对象，其中的指针指向TwoDayPackage 对象和OvernightPackage 对象。遍历该vector 对象，多态性地处理这些Package。
    • 对于每个Package调用获取函数，获得发送者和接收者的地址信息，然后打印输出这两个地址，就像它们出现在邮包标签上一样。
    • 此外，调用每个Package的calculateCost成员函数并输出结果。跟踪记录该vector 中所有 Package的总的运输费用，并在循环遍历结束时显示此总费用。

    1.创建基类Package

    1. class Package
    2. {
    3. 	public://声明为常量引用，使用引用避免copy，使用const能保护数据 
    4. 		Package(){}
    5. 		Package(const string&,	const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double);
    6. 		double getWeight() const;
    7. 		double getCostPerOunce() const;
    8. 		virtual double calculateCost()
    9. 		{
    10. 			double transCosts;
    11. 			transCosts=weight*costPerOunce;
    12. 			return transCosts;
    13. 		}
    14. 		virtual void get(){}
    15. 	protected:
    16. 		string senderName;		
    17. 		string recipientName;
    18. 		string address;
    19. 		string city;
    20. 		string state;
    21. 		int postalCode;
    22. 		double weight;
    23. 		double costPerOunce;//Cost per ounce每一盎司费用 ；盎司：英美制单位，既是重量单位又是容量单位 
    24. };
    2.TwoDayPackage类，继承于Package类
    1. class TwoDayPackage : public Package
    2. {
    3. 	public:
    4. 		TwoDayPackage(){}
    5. 		TwoDayPackage(const string&, const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double, double);
    6. 		virtual double calculateCost() //基类的成员函数需要在派生类内声明才可被使用 
    7. 		{
    8. 			double transCosts;
    9. 			
    10. 			transCosts = Package::calculateCost()  + surfaceMailCosts;
    11. 			
    12. 			return transCosts;
    13. 		}
    14. 		virtual void get()
    15. 		{
    16. 			cout<<"寄件人信息："<"姓名："<"******************"<
    17. 			cout<<"收件人信息："<"姓名："<"地址："<" " <" "<" " 
    18. 				<"邮政编号: "<"******************"<
    19. 		}
    20. 	private:
    21. 		double surfaceMailCosts;//平寄费 
    22. };
    3.OvernightPackage类，继承于Package类
    1. class OvernightPackage : public Package
    2. {
    3. 	public:
    4. 		OvernightPackage(){}
    5. 		OvernightPackage(const string&, const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double, double);
    6. 		virtual double calculateCost() 
    7. 		{
    8. 			double transCosts;
    9. 			
    10. 			transCosts = Package::calculateCost()  + extraCosts;
    11. 			
    12. 			return transCosts;	
    13. 		}
    14. 		virtual void get()
    15. 		{
    16. 			cout<<"寄件人信息："<"姓名："<"******************"<
    17. 			cout<<"收件人信息："<"姓名："<"地址："<" " <" "<" " 
    18. 				<"邮政编号: "<"******************"<
    19. 		}
    20. 	private:
    21. 		double extraCosts;//连夜快递服务的额外费用 
    22. };
    4.Package类的方法实现
    1. Package::Package(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1) 
    2. : senderName(senderName1),recipientName(recipientName1),address(address1),city(city1),state(state1),postalCode(postalCode1),weight(weight1),costPerOunce(costPerOunce1)
    3. {
    4. 	if(weight1>0)
    5. 	{
    6. 		weight=weight1;	
    7. 	}
    8. 	else
    9. 	{
    10. 		weight=1;
    11. 		cout << "Weight less than 0 !" << endl;
    12. 	}	
    13. } 
    14. double Package::getWeight() const
    15. {
    16. 	return weight;
    17. }
    18. double Package::getCostPerOunce() const
    19. {
    20. 	return costPerOunce;
    21. }
    5.TwoDayPackage类的方法实现
    1. TwoDayPackage::TwoDayPackage(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1,double surfaceMailCosts1)
    2. :Package(senderName1,recipientName1,address1,city1,state1,postalCode1,weight1,costPerOunce1)
    3. {																							
    4. 	surfaceMailCosts=surfaceMailCosts1; 										
    5. }
    6.OvernightPackage类的方法实现
    1. OvernightPackage::OvernightPackage(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1,double extraCosts1)
    2. :Package(senderName1,recipientName1,address1,city1,state1,postalCode1,weight1,costPerOunce1)
    3. {
    4. 	extraCosts=extraCosts1; 
    5. }

    7.测试程序

    1. //测试程序 
    2. int main()
    3. {	
    4. 	TwoDayPackage *ptr_Two=new TwoDayPackage("Lihua","Kandy","America","NewYork","NewYorkState",10041,30,5,36.2);
    5. 	OvernightPackage *ptr_Over=new OvernightPackage("Zhang shan","Kandy","America","Houston","Texas",77001,50,8,25.6);
    6. 	vector  PackageClass;
    7. 	PackageClass.push_back(ptr_Two);
    8. 	PackageClass.push_back(ptr_Over);
    9. 	vector::iterator iter;
    10. 	for(iter = PackageClass.begin(); iter != PackageClass.end(); ++iter)
    11.     {
    12.     	cout<<"该快递的具体信息如下："<
    13.         (*iter)->get();
    14.         cout<<"该包裹的运输费用为: "<<(*iter)->calculateCost()<
    15.         system("pause");
    16.         system("cls");
    17.     }
    18. 	cout<<"程序退出！"<
    19. 	delete ptr_Two;
    20. 	delete ptr_Over;
    21. 	return 0;
    22. }

    完整的代码如下：

    1. ///
    2. //基于Package类继承层次结构
    3. //Package继承层次 
    4. //
    5. #include
    6. #include
    7. #include
    8. #include
    9. using namespace std;
    10. class Package
    11. {
    12. 	public://声明为常量引用，使用引用避免copy，使用const能保护数据 
    13. 		Package(){}
    14. 		Package(const string&,	const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double);
    15. 		double getWeight() const;
    16. 		double getCostPerOunce() const;
    17. 		virtual double calculateCost()
    18. 		{
    19. 			double transCosts;
    20. 			transCosts=weight*costPerOunce;
    21. 			return transCosts;
    22. 		}
    23. 		virtual void get(){}
    24. 	protected:
    25. 		string senderName;		
    26. 		string recipientName;
    27. 		string address;
    28. 		string city;
    29. 		string state;
    30. 		int postalCode;
    31. 		double weight;
    32. 		double costPerOunce;//Cost per ounce每一盎司费用 ；盎司：英美制单位，既是重量单位又是容量单位 
    33. };
    34. class TwoDayPackage : public Package
    35. {
    36. 	public:
    37. 		TwoDayPackage(){}
    38. 		TwoDayPackage(const string&, const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double, double);
    39. 		virtual double calculateCost() //基类的成员函数需要在派生类内声明才可被使用 
    40. 		{
    41. 			double transCosts;
    42. 			
    43. 			transCosts = Package::calculateCost()  + surfaceMailCosts;
    44. 			
    45. 			return transCosts;
    46. 		}
    47. 		virtual void get()
    48. 		{
    49. 			cout<<"寄件人信息："<"姓名："<"******************"<
    50. 			cout<<"收件人信息："<"姓名："<"地址："<" " <" "<" " 
    51. 				<"邮政编号: "<"******************"<
    52. 		}
    53. 	private:
    54. 		double surfaceMailCosts;//平寄费 
    55. };
    56. class OvernightPackage : public Package
    57. {
    58. 	public:
    59. 		OvernightPackage(){}
    60. 		OvernightPackage(const string&, const string&, const string&, const string&,const string&, int , double , double, double);
    61. 		virtual double calculateCost() 
    62. 		{
    63. 			double transCosts;
    64. 			
    65. 			transCosts = Package::calculateCost()  + extraCosts;
    66. 			
    67. 			return transCosts;	
    68. 		}
    69. 		virtual void get()
    70. 		{
    71. 			cout<<"寄件人信息："<"姓名："<"******************"<
    72. 			cout<<"收件人信息："<"姓名："<"地址："<" " <" "<" " 
    73. 				<"邮政编号: "<"******************"<
    74. 		}
    75. 	private:
    76. 		double extraCosts;//连夜快递服务的额外费用 
    77. };
    78. Package::Package(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1) 
    79. : senderName(senderName1),recipientName(recipientName1),address(address1),city(city1),state(state1),postalCode(postalCode1),weight(weight1),costPerOunce(costPerOunce1)
    80. {
    81. 	if(weight1>0)
    82. 	{
    83. 		weight=weight1;	
    84. 	}
    85. 	else
    86. 	{
    87. 		weight=1;
    88. 		cout << "Weight less than 0 !" << endl;
    89. 	}	
    90. } 
    91. double Package::getWeight() const
    92. {
    93. 	return weight;
    94. }
    95. double Package::getCostPerOunce() const
    96. {
    97. 	return costPerOunce;
    98. }
    99.  
    100. TwoDayPackage::TwoDayPackage(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1,double surfaceMailCosts1)
    101. :Package(senderName1,recipientName1,address1,city1,state1,postalCode1,weight1,costPerOunce1)
    102. {																							
    103. 	surfaceMailCosts=surfaceMailCosts1; 										
    104. }
    105.  
    106.  
    107. OvernightPackage::OvernightPackage(const string& senderName1,const string& recipientName1, const string& address1, const string& city1,const string& state1,int postalCode1, double weight1, double costPerOunce1,double extraCosts1)
    108. :Package(senderName1,recipientName1,address1,city1,state1,postalCode1,weight1,costPerOunce1)
    109. {
    110. 	extraCosts=extraCosts1; 
    111. }	
    112. //测试程序 
    113. int main()
    114. {	
    115. 	TwoDayPackage *ptr_Two=new TwoDayPackage("Lihua","Kandy","America","NewYork","NewYorkState",10041,30,5,36.2);
    116. 	OvernightPackage *ptr_Over=new OvernightPackage("Zhang shan","Kandy","America","Houston","Texas",77001,50,8,25.6);
    117. 	vector  PackageClass;
    118. 	PackageClass.push_back(ptr_Two);
    119. 	PackageClass.push_back(ptr_Over);
    120. 	vector::iterator iter;
    121. 	for(iter = PackageClass.begin(); iter != PackageClass.end(); ++iter)
    122.     {
    123.     	cout<<"该快递的具体信息如下："<
    124.         (*iter)->get();
    125.         cout<<"该包裹的运输费用为: "<<(*iter)->calculateCost()<
    126.         system("pause");
    127.         system("cls");
    128.     }
    129. 	cout<<"程序退出！"<
    130. 	delete ptr_Two;
    131. 	delete ptr_Over;
    132. 	return 0;
    133. }

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_74287172/article/details/133175713