• Dubbo3.0入门-Java版

    Dubbo 简介

    ​ Apache Dubbo 是一款 RPC 服务开发框架，用于解决微服务架构下的服务治理与通信问题，官方提供了 Java、Golang 等多语言 SDK 实现。使用 Dubbo 开发的微服务原生具备相互之间的远程地址发现与通信能力， 利用 Dubbo 提供的丰富服务治理特性，可以实现诸如服务发现、负载均衡、流量调度等服务治理诉求。Dubbo 被设计为高度可扩展，用户可以方便的实现流量拦截、选址的各种定制逻辑。

    ​ Dubbo3 定义为面向云原生的下一代 RPC 服务框架。3.0 基于 Dubbo 2.x 演进而来，在保持原有核心功能特性的同时， Dubbo3 在易用性、超大规模微服务实践、云原生基础设施适配、安全性等几大方向上进行了全面升级。

    Dobbo的基本工作流程

    在这里插入图片描述
    由上图可知要使用dubbo完成一次RPC调用，需要定义三类对象：

    1. 服务接口
    2. 生产者：实现具体的服务接口
    3. 消费者：生成服务代理对象，实现在本地调用远程服务

    下面开始dubbo的入门案例

    总览项目框架

    在这里插入图片描述

    创建maven作为父项目

    父项目设置为dubbo-study，并在父项目中配置dubbo依赖

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <spring.version>4.3.16.RELEASEspring.version>
        <dubbo.version>3.0.7dubbo.version>
        <junit.version>4.13.1junit.version>
        <slf4j-log4j12.version>1.7.25slf4j-log4j12.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.1.RELEASEspring-boot.version>
        <spring-boot-maven-plugin.version>2.1.4.RELEASEspring-boot-maven-plugin.version>
    properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-bomartifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
                <scope>importscope>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
                <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId>
                <version>${dubbo.version}version>
                <type>pomtype>
            dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>junitgroupId>
                <artifactId>junitartifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}version>
                <scope>testscope>
            dependency>
        dependencies>
    dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j-log4j12.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4jgroupId>
            <artifactId>log4jartifactId>
        dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junitgroupId>
            <artifactId>junitartifactId>
            <scope>testscope>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41
    • 42
    • 43
    • 44
    • 45
    • 46
    • 47
    • 48
    • 49
    • 50
    • 51
    • 52
    • 53
    • 54
    • 55
    • 56
    • 57
    • 58
    • 59
    • 60
    • 61
    • 62
    • 63
    • 64
    • 65
    • 66
    • 67
    • 68

    编写服务接口

    项目名：dubbo-springboot-interface
    pom.xml

    
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>dubbo-studyartifactId>
        <groupId>com.mxfgroupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        <relativePath>../pom.xmlrelativePath>
    parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>

    <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-interfaceartifactId>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    properties>

project>


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22

    服务接口
    在这里插入图片描述

    编写服务生产者

    项目名：dubbo-springboot-provider
    项目结构
    在这里插入图片描述

    导入依赖：

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mxfgroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-interfaceartifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubboartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId>
            <type>pomtype>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId>
        dependency>

    dependencies>

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41

    实现具体服务：

    import com.mxf.service.HelloService;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.DubboService;
import org.apache.dubbo.rpc.RpcContext;

/**
 * 用 @DubboService 注解标记，就可以实现 Dubbo 的服务暴露
 * 如果要设置服务参数，@DubboService 也提供了常用参数的设置方式。如果有更复杂的参数设置需求，则可以考虑使用其他设置方式
 * @DubboService(version = "1.0.0", group = "dev", timeout = 5000)
 */
@DubboService
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
    @Override
    public String sayHello(String name) {
        System.out.println("Hello " + name + ", request from consumer: " + RpcContext.getContext().getRemoteAddress());
        return "Hello " + name;
    }
}


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18

    参考官网的内嵌ZooKeeper类

    package com.mxf.config;

import org.apache.zookeeper.server.ServerConfig;
import org.apache.zookeeper.server.ZooKeeperServerMain;
import org.apache.zookeeper.server.quorum.QuorumPeerConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.SmartLifecycle;
import org.springframework.util.ErrorHandler;
import org.springframework.util.SocketUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * from: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-xd/blob/v1.3.1.RELEASE/spring-xd-dirt/src/main/java/org/springframework/xd/dirt/zookeeper/ZooKeeperUtils.java
 * 
    
 * Helper class to start an embedded instance of standalone (non clustered) ZooKeeper.
 * 
    
 * NOTE: at least an external standalone server (if not an ensemble) are recommended, even for
 * {@link org.springframework.xd.dirt.server.singlenode.SingleNodeApplication}
 *
 * @author Patrick Peralta
 * @author Mark Fisher
 * @author David Turanski
 */
public class EmbeddedZooKeeper implements SmartLifecycle {

    /**
     * Logger.
     */
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EmbeddedZooKeeper.class);

    /**
     * ZooKeeper client port. This will be determined dynamically upon startup.
     */
    private final int clientPort;

    /**
     * Whether to auto-start. Default is true.
     */
    private boolean autoStartup = true;

    /**
     * Lifecycle phase. Default is 0.
     */
    private int phase = 0;

    /**
     * Thread for running the ZooKeeper server.
     */
    private volatile Thread zkServerThread;

    /**
     * ZooKeeper server.
     */
    private volatile ZooKeeperServerMain zkServer;

    /**
     * {@link ErrorHandler} to be invoked if an Exception is thrown from the ZooKeeper server thread.
     */
    private ErrorHandler errorHandler;

    private boolean daemon = true;

    /**
     * Construct an EmbeddedZooKeeper with a random port.
     */
    public EmbeddedZooKeeper() {
        clientPort = SocketUtils.findAvailableTcpPort();
    }

    /**
     * Construct an EmbeddedZooKeeper with the provided port.
     *
     * @param clientPort port for ZooKeeper server to bind to
     */
    public EmbeddedZooKeeper(int clientPort, boolean daemon) {
        this.clientPort = clientPort;
        this.daemon = daemon;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the port that clients should use to connect to this embedded server.
     *
     * @return dynamically determined client port
     */
    public int getClientPort() {
        return this.clientPort;
    }

    /**
     * Specify whether to start automatically. Default is true.
     *
     * @param autoStartup whether to start automatically
     */
    public void setAutoStartup(boolean autoStartup) {
        this.autoStartup = autoStartup;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isAutoStartup() {
        return this.autoStartup;
    }

    /**
     * Specify the lifecycle phase for the embedded server.
     *
     * @param phase the lifecycle phase
     */
    public void setPhase(int phase) {
        this.phase = phase;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public int getPhase() {
        return this.phase;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isRunning() {
        return (zkServerThread != null);
    }

    /**
     * Start the ZooKeeper server in a background thread.
     * 
    
     * Register an error handler via {@link #setErrorHandler} in order to handle
     * any exceptions thrown during startup or execution.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void start() {
        if (zkServerThread == null) {
            zkServerThread = new Thread(new ServerRunnable(), "ZooKeeper Server Starter");
            zkServerThread.setDaemon(daemon);
            zkServerThread.start();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Shutdown the ZooKeeper server.
     */
    @Override
    public synchronized void stop() {
        if (zkServerThread != null) {
            // The shutdown method is protected...thus this hack to invoke it.
            // This will log an exception on shutdown; see
            // https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ZOOKEEPER-1873 for details.
            try {
                Method shutdown = ZooKeeperServerMain.class.getDeclaredMethod("shutdown");
                shutdown.setAccessible(true);
                shutdown.invoke(zkServer);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }

            // It is expected that the thread will exit after
            // the server is shutdown; this will block until
            // the shutdown is complete.
            try {
                zkServerThread.join(5000);
                zkServerThread = null;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                logger.warn("Interrupted while waiting for embedded ZooKeeper to exit");
                // abandoning zk thread
                zkServerThread = null;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Stop the server if running and invoke the callback when complete.
     */
    @Override
    public void stop(Runnable callback) {
        stop();
        callback.run();
    }

    /**
     * Provide an {@link ErrorHandler} to be invoked if an Exception is thrown from the ZooKeeper server thread. If none
     * is provided, only error-level logging will occur.
     *
     * @param errorHandler the {@link ErrorHandler} to be invoked
     */
    public void setErrorHandler(ErrorHandler errorHandler) {
        this.errorHandler = errorHandler;
    }

    /**
     * Runnable implementation that starts the ZooKeeper server.
     */
    private class ServerRunnable implements Runnable {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Properties properties = new Properties();
                File file = new File(System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir")
                        + File.separator + UUID.randomUUID());
                file.deleteOnExit();
                properties.setProperty("dataDir", file.getAbsolutePath());
                properties.setProperty("clientPort", String.valueOf(clientPort));

                QuorumPeerConfig quorumPeerConfig = new QuorumPeerConfig();
                quorumPeerConfig.parseProperties(properties);

                zkServer = new ZooKeeperServerMain();
                ServerConfig configuration = new ServerConfig();
                configuration.readFrom(quorumPeerConfig);

                zkServer.runFromConfig(configuration);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                if (errorHandler != null) {
                    errorHandler.handleError(e);
                } else {
                    logger.error("Exception running embedded ZooKeeper", e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41
    • 42
    • 43
    • 44
    • 45
    • 46
    • 47
    • 48
    • 49
    • 50
    • 51
    • 52
    • 53
    • 54
    • 55
    • 56
    • 57
    • 58
    • 59
    • 60
    • 61
    • 62
    • 63
    • 64
    • 65
    • 66
    • 67
    • 68
    • 69
    • 70
    • 71
    • 72
    • 73
    • 74
    • 75
    • 76
    • 77
    • 78
    • 79
    • 80
    • 81
    • 82
    • 83
    • 84
    • 85
    • 86
    • 87
    • 88
    • 89
    • 90
    • 91
    • 92
    • 93
    • 94
    • 95
    • 96
    • 97
    • 98
    • 99
    • 100
    • 101
    • 102
    • 103
    • 104
    • 105
    • 106
    • 107
    • 108
    • 109
    • 110
    • 111
    • 112
    • 113
    • 114
    • 115
    • 116
    • 117
    • 118
    • 119
    • 120
    • 121
    • 122
    • 123
    • 124
    • 125
    • 126
    • 127
    • 128
    • 129
    • 130
    • 131
    • 132
    • 133
    • 134
    • 135
    • 136
    • 137
    • 138
    • 139
    • 140
    • 141
    • 142
    • 143
    • 144
    • 145
    • 146
    • 147
    • 148
    • 149
    • 150
    • 151
    • 152
    • 153
    • 154
    • 155
    • 156
    • 157
    • 158
    • 159
    • 160
    • 161
    • 162
    • 163
    • 164
    • 165
    • 166
    • 167
    • 168
    • 169
    • 170
    • 171
    • 172
    • 173
    • 174
    • 175
    • 176
    • 177
    • 178
    • 179
    • 180
    • 181
    • 182
    • 183
    • 184
    • 185
    • 186
    • 187
    • 188
    • 189
    • 190
    • 191
    • 192
    • 193
    • 194
    • 195
    • 196
    • 197
    • 198
    • 199
    • 200
    • 201
    • 202
    • 203
    • 204
    • 205
    • 206
    • 207
    • 208
    • 209
    • 210
    • 211
    • 212
    • 213
    • 214
    • 215
    • 216
    • 217
    • 218
    • 219
    • 220
    • 221
    • 222
    • 223
    • 224
    • 225
    • 226
    • 227
    • 228
    • 229
    • 230
    • 231
    • 232
    • 233
    • 234
    • 235

    启动类

    import com.mxf.config.EmbeddedZooKeeper;
import org.apache.dubbo.config.spring.context.annotation.EnableDubbo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDubbo    // @EnableDubbo 注解必须配置，否则将无法加载 Dubbo 注解定义的服务，@EnableDubbo 可以定义在主类上
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new EmbeddedZooKeeper(2181, false).start();

        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
        System.out.println("dubbo service started");
//        new CountDownLatch(1).await();
    }
}

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16

    对应的配置文件：

    dubbo:
  application:
    name: dubbo-springboot-provider
  protocol:
    name: dubbo
    port: -1
  registry:
    id: zk-registry
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
  config-center:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181
  metadata-report:
    address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13

    服务消费者

    项目名：dubbo-springboot-consumer
    项目结构：
    在这里插入图片描述

    依赖：

     <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <slf4j-log4j12.version>1.7.25slf4j-log4j12.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.1.RELEASEspring-boot.version>
    properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mxfgroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-interfaceartifactId>
            <version>${project.parent.version}version>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubboartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId>
            <type>pomtype>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId>
            <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId>
        dependency>

    dependencies>

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41
    • 42
    • 43

    在本地实现调用远程服务

    @SpringBootApplication
@Service
@EnableDubbo
public class ConsumerApplication {

    /**
     * @Reference 注解从 3.0 版本开始就已经废弃，改用 @DubboReference，以区别于 Spring 的 @Reference 注解
     * @DubboReference 注解将自动注入为 Dubbo 服务代理实例，使用 helloService 即可发起远程服务调用
     */
    @DubboReference
    private HelloService helloService;

    public String doSayHello(String name) {
        return helloService.sayHello(name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
        ConsumerApplication application = context.getBean(ConsumerApplication.class);
        String result = application.doSayHello("world");
        System.out.println("result: " + result);
    }
}

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23

    运行演示

    首先启动dubbo-springboot-provider远程服务提供者
    在这里插入图片描述
    然后启动dubbo-springboot-consumer服务消费者
    先看到服务提供者，打印接收到请求的日志：
    在这里插入图片描述
    消费者获取到服务提供者的处理结果
    在这里插入图片描述

    总结

    step1: 编写远程服务接口
    step2: 编写服务提供者
    1. 实现远程服务接口
    2. 使用@DubboService将服务暴露
    step3: 编写服务消费者
    1. 使用@DubboReference获取特定的服务实现类
    2. 通过获取到的服务实现类来发起远程调用

  • 相关阅读:
    学习vite的核心原理
    [附源码]计算机毕业设计JAVA大学生社团管理系统
    电力输送、材料和互连领域即将发生巨大变化
    HTML制作个人网页制作(简单静态HTML个人博客网页作品)
    ISO/OIS的七层模型②
    gcc/c++ 版本不一致问题导致的
    微服务: xxl-job的安装(docker),使用及springboot整合[完整版详解]
    HowHelp是干什么的？
    Qt编写物联网管理平台（支持win/linux/mac/嵌入式linux/modbus等）
    医学知识和医疗应用开发交叉领域中垂类大语言模型应用相关研究
  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/java_cpp_/article/details/127964434